Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter IX. Relief of refugees

Collection:: Economics Books

172 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR the Central Committee of the Union for help. Locally, an intensive organizing campaign was already in full swing and at the outset funds were advanced from the treasuries of the local government in- stitutions, from credits granted by the Zemstvo Union for other purposes, and from special funds urgently sent from Moscow. A large number of provinces (Kharkov, Tambov, Yaroslav, Sara- tov, Ekaterinoslav, Vladimir, Ufa, and many others) had com- pleted the elaboration of plans for the relief of refugees as early as August, frequently dealing with the minutest details.’* While there were some slight differences in the composition of the local commit- tees the practical program was everywhere nearly uniform. The refugees arriving in a given province were directed to a clearing station for registration and medical examination. The sick were admitted to the hospitals and the rest were sent on toward their destination. Clearing stations were established mainly at important railway junctions or in towns situated along the main routes fol- lowed by the refugees. Upon arrival at their destination the refu- gees came under the jurisdiction of the local rural bodies which, while functioning under different names and with different composi- tions, were all combined under the general direction of the local committees of the Unions of Zemstvos and of Towns or of the dis- trict zemstvo board. At some places special zemstvo agents were ap- pointed to supervise the work of the smaller units. The distribution of refugees was made either in proportion to the number of house- holds, as, for instance, in the province of Kazan, or on a percentage basis with reference to the total local population, or, lastly, in ac- cordance with available accommodation and the ability of the resi- dents to provide for the needs of the refugees. In the first place all the vacant public buildings were used for this purpose, such as school buildings, government liquor depots, besides uninhabited buildings in country estates and unused factories. The next step was to distribute the remaining refugees in the homes of the peas- ants who were paid for their maintenance. Local organizations were also required to watch over the condition of the refugees, and in case of need the latter were supplied with food and shelter at gov- ernment expense. Underwear, shoes, and other articles of clothing 13 For the plan of the provincial zemstvo of Vladimir, see Izvestia (Bulle- tin), No. 25, pp. 101-107 ; the plan of the district zemstvo of Ekaterinoslav, ibid., No. 27, pp. 141-149,

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