Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter IX. Relief of refugees

Collection:: Economics Books

REFUGEES were issued to them at the expense of the zemstvos and private charities.’ The whole organization of relief was designed according to a sim- ple but effective scheme. The Government examined and approved the budgets submitted by the Central Committees of the two unions and granted credits. The Central Committees studied the estimates of the local institutions, reduced them to uniformity, settled dis- puted points and coordinated the whole work of relief and of ac- counting, just as in the case of relief for the sick and wounded soldiers. It was the duty of the provincial committees on refugees to distribute the latter within the province, to organize the cam- paign against epidemics, to coordinate the activities of different organizations working in the same field, and to regulate and control the work of the district organizations. The enlarged district zemstvo boards and district committees of the Unions of Zemstvos and of Towns had similar duties within the limits of the district. The small local organizations were expected to carry out the immediate work of relief; investigate the needs of the refugees and report them on the special forms provided by Moscow; supply them with shelter, fuel, clothing, underwear, and boots; feed the invalids and children ; find employment for those able to work; provide hospital accommo- dation for the sick; furnish information regarding outbreaks of epidemics; collect and send to the district towns the orphans and lost children; and so forth. Unfortunately, this excellent scheme was not destined to be car- ried out in practice. As early as September and the beginning of October, 1915, the work of the provincial committees was in many places completely paralyzed by the unorganized movement of refu- gees and the lack of funds. The following two examples will serve to illustrate the situation. On October 1, the provincial zemstvo board of Ufa telegraphed to the Central Committee of the Zemstvo Union: 173 We are in the position to accommodate only 1,000 persons a day, whereas 8,000 to 10,000 are arriving; the situation is terrible; sharp frost has set in; the refugees, poorly clad, barefooted, are being trans- ported in unheated trucks; the existing canteens are utterly inadequate and entire trainloads are being dispatched without food, while the medi- cal staff has no opportunity to examine them. 14 Ibid.. No. 25, pp. 93-100.

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