Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter X. Participation of the Zemstvos in the work of supply

Collection:: Economics Books

ORGANIZATION OF SUPPLY 185 in the zemstvo assemblies. The matter was further complicated be- cause, in the opinion of numerous zemstvos, the assessment had not been properly distributed, for they believed that the Govern- ment had failed to take into account the fact that, prior to the pro- mulgation of the law of November 29, the system of wholesale grain purchases was by no means uniform, so that the balance of grain remaining over from the preceding harvest had no relation to the total amount of grain harvested, which was used as the basis for the assessment. Finally, after a number of changes had been made in the original scheme, thirty provincial zemstvos consented to sup- port it, only four declining to accept the responsibility. In 1916 the zemstvos also took part in the elaboration of a scale of fixed prices for cattle requisitioned for the army, besides taking charge of the requisitioning operations and the delivery of the cattle to the army. After the Revolution the local commissioners of the Minister of Agriculture were replaced by committees in which the leading part was played by the chairmen and members of zemstvo boards. These food supply committees carried into effect the grain monopoly which was inaugurated by the Provisional Government in March, 1917. We shall not dwell here in detail upon the organization of the purchasing operations which the reader will find in another volume of this series.® We shall confine ourselves to noting the fact that the share taken by the zemstvos in this most important task was very extensive. The zemstvos, however, did not limit their work in this field to a participation in the official organization for collecting the supplies. Some of them on their own initiative in 1914 and in 1915, when neither grain levy nor cattle requisition was as yet in opera- tion, undertook to provide foodstuffs for the army. The extent of this work may be gathered from the following illustrations. The dis- trict zemstvo of Khorson had assembled 9,202,761 puds of rye, wheat, and barley by January 1, 1916. The district zemstvo of Odessa provided 1,476,134 puds of grain by the autumn of 1914, and by the autumn of 1915, 782,597 puds of barley, 59,615 puds of wheat, 20,763 puds of millet, and 5,969 puds of oats. The Stavropol provincial zemstvo board within one year (October 25, 1914—Sep- tember 1, 1915) delivered 926,703 puds of barley and wheat. The district zemstvo of Ossa in the province of Perm had collected nearly 8 See Struve, op. cit.

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