Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter XI. Work in the army

Collection:: Economics Books

214 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR Another field in which the medical bureaus rendered valuable assist- ance to the field detachments was that of surgical aid. Not only did they provide these detachments with personnel, medicines, dressing material, surgical instruments, but they also created special squads of a lighter type which helped in giving first-aid to the wounded, during periods of intense fighting, returning afterward to their nor- mal functions of preventing the spreading of epidemics. Among the chief service rendered by the Zemstvo Union to the Russian army during the War must be included the extensive cam- paign of inoculation against cholera, typhoid fever, and smallpox. The urgent necessity of such inoculation was realized for the first time in the course of a conference held by the Unions of Zemstvos and of Towns toward the end of April, 1915. At the beginning of June of the same year the Zemstvo Union opened at Moscow a dis- pensary where patients were inoculated free of charge against ty- phoid fever and cholera.™ At the end of June a large detachment was organized and dispatched to the Caucasus, its main object being to inoculate against smallpox, typhoid fever, and cholera, and to distribute quinine as a precaution against malaria.’® On the Austro- German front the question of a general, compulsory inoculation re- mained in suspense for a considerable time before a decision was arrived at. Wherever the representatives of the Zemstvo Union suc- ceeded in convincing the military authorities of the advantage of this measure, they were given permission to inoculate the troops. Thus, in one of the armies on the southwestern front, trial inocula- tions made during June, 1915, showed very satisfactory results. so that during the following month the Union was given per- mission to inoculate about 13,000 more men.** In August, 1915, the Union’s committee of the southwestern front, anxious to improve the work of inoculation, convoked a conference of bacteriologists. The conference was also attended by representatives of the medical institutions at the front. Plans were drawn up for the proper or- ganization of inoculation, and provision was made for a uniform system of serum production and distribution. After this conference serums were produced on a large scale, so that no further shortage was felt. During the second half of 1915 the committee of the south 14 Jgpestia (Bulletin), No. 24, pp. 67-70. 15 Ibid., No. 29, pp. 75-90. 18 Ibid., Nos. 22-23, p. 72.

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