Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter XI. Work in the army

Collection:: Economics Books

220 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR boiler on wheels, a disinfection chamber, a portable stove, a pump, a water barrel, a tarpaulin for cold water, besides several light pieces of equipment and accessories. The total cost of a bathhouse was 1,900 rubles, whilst that of a laundry 1,400 rubles. The cost of equipment for the entire detachment comprising ten bathhouses and four laundries, and including the transport facilities, amounted to 48,000 rubles. The monthly cost of maintenance, including the cost of soap, wood shavings, and birch brooms, was calculated at 25,000 rubles. The staff was estimated at twenty-five permanent and forty temporary attendants. A bathhouse installed in a peasant cottage was expected to provide as many as five hundred baths a day.** Subsequent detachments were formed along the same lines. By July, 1916, the total number of bathhouses on the western front was 157, of which 130 were independent units and 27 connected with other institutions, such as hospitals, canteens, etc. On January 1, 1917, a census of bathhouses revealed a total of 171, the majority of them being located with the army at the front, only eight bath- houses being in the immediate rear. Cities and towns had only five zemstvo bathhouses; railway stations, fourteen; all the others had heen put up in villages, and five were erected in the midst of forests. The usual type of a zemstvo bathing station was a peasant two- room cottage. With a few simple changes four rooms were obtained ; (1) the room for undressing, where the men left their soiled under- wear and clothing; (2) the bathroom proper; (3) the steam room; (4) the dressing room, where the men found fresh underwear and their disinfected clothing. Of the men who used the bathhouses 28 per cent received clean underwear from the Union of Zemstvos. Soiled linen would be sent to the laundry and thence to the repair shop, after which it would again be put to use. The laundries were so located that usually one laundry attended to the needs of ten bathhouses. Fifty-two per cent of all the bathhouses had tea rooms connected with them. The soldiers were supplied with soap, etc. In the course of 1916 the number of soldiers who used the bathing sta- tions of the Union of Zemstvos on the western front was 8,533,505, of whom 88.7 per cent were non-commissioned officers and men; 2.1 per cent, officers; 2.8 per cent, trench laborers; 5 per cent, refugees and other civilians; and 1.4 per cent, prisoners of war. The cost per 22 Isvestia (Bulletin), No. 9, pp. 8-15.

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