Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter XII. The Central Committee of the union of Zemstvos in the third year of the war

Collection:: Economics Books

THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE 253 1916 the average price of a horse in Siberia was only 141 rubles, the extra expense incurred until arrival at Moscow amounting to 43 rubles per horse. At that time the average cost of a horse in Euro- pean Russia was 289 rubles, with incidental expenses amounting to 31 rubles. In general, however, the price of horses bought by the Union steadily increased. About the end of 1915 the average price was 163 rubles, with incidental expenses of 81 rubles. During the first half of 1916 the price had risen to 208 rubles, plus 23 rubles. [n the second half of the same year, the respective figures had reached 246 rubles, and 31 rubles. The purchasing operations required a complicated organization on the spot. The resources of the territory had to be explored, a proper selection of horses had to be made, suitable pastures during the summer, and stables and fodder during the winter, had to be found until the animals could be entrained, and then they had to be conveyed either to Moscow or Orel. Here, again, the horses had to be fed until they could be delivered at the front. To provide an ade- quate supply of fodder at Orel and Moscow where as many as five hundred horses were constantly assembled, was a problem of con- siderable and increasing difficulty. At the Moscow stud, the average daily cost of maintaining a horse about the middle of 1916 was one ruble, of which amount about three-quarters went to the purchase of fodder and the rest to the care of the animals. In each territory there was a deputy commissioner of the Zemstvo Union with a staff of trained workers attached to his office, to deal with this work. These were sometimes confronted with quite unexpected tasks; thus, in the steppes of Orenburg, they found themselves compelled to buy herds of wild horses from the Kirghiz tribes and to break them in. At Moscow the department was ordered to organize permanent cransport within the city, for the conveyance of stores belonging to the Zemstvo Union. With the aid of this transport, which consisted of nearly five hundred drays and carts, millions of puds of stores were transported to the depots and loaded in the trains, the average cost per cartload of sixty to seventy-five puds being about nine ru- bles. This system of transport likewise involved a complicated or- ganization with its own repair shops, blacksmiths’ shops, harness makers, and other such auxiliary services. The work of this department earned general appreciation. On many occasions the military authorities and the officials in charge of

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