Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter XII. The Central Committee of the union of Zemstvos in the third year of the war

Collection:: Economics Books

THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE 259 possible to discover the nature of the gas used by the Germans and to gain a fair knowledge of the symptoms and progress of the poi- soning. The experts of the Zemstvo Union finally produced a gas mask of a type® which was recognized by a conference of experts as the most suitable one and was officially adopted. The production of gas masks was started all over the country, but it was soon found that the skill and precision required for their successful manufac- ture made it necessary to concentrate the work in Moscow. Conse- quently, a special workshop was opened under the auspices of the Central Committee of the Union and equipped with 270 sewing ma- chines. Its daily output was about 20,000 masks and the total pro- duced by the Union was 4,200,000 masks supplied direct to the army and 2,757,000 parts of masks on orders received from the Red Cross. There were also 467,000 gas masks for horses produced at this shop. Although the gas masks were being constantly improved, it was found in the autumn of 1915 that the type adopted by the Union was not very effective except in case of chlorine gas. At the same time, as the Allies became better acquainted with the problem of chemical warfare, it was discovered that the Germans had a large assortment of poison gas. This fact came to light as early as August, 1915, and the Zemstvo Union decided to organize the production of dry gas masks. A number of experiments were carried out, to ascer- tain the most suitable design. At Petrograd, however, the new pro- posals of the Union, involving additional expenditure and the sub- stitution of new masks for those already in use, were unfavorably received, and it became therefore necessary to start a regular cam- paign in the press and by public lectures, and by causing unofficial organizations and learned societies to make representations to the Government. Not until April, 1916, could the authorities at Petrograd be in- duced to accept the views of the Union. The proposed gas mask of the Zelinsky-Kummandt type was approved by the higher military authorities and it became possible to begin its wholesale production. This gas mask consisted of a tin box filled with carbon prepared by a special process and connected with a rubber face mask with eye- glasses. The greatest difficulty was found in producing suitable ® The so-called “wet type” of gas mask, made of gauze with attached eve- rlasses.

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