Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter XII. The Central Committee of the union of Zemstvos in the third year of the war

Collection:: Economics Books

260 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR carbon, and the Union was compelled to recruit a large staff of skilled technicians to prepare a sufficient quantity of this substance. The manufacture of the tin boxes was in part carried out at a spe- cially constructed zemstvo factory and in part assigned to con- tractors. The reception of the separate parts of the masks and the assembling of the masks themselves likewise required a large num- ber of trained employees and a great deal of floor space. A whole block of hutments was built for this purpose on the outskirts of Moscow. Over 2,000 men and women were employed in the work of assembling the gas masks and their daily output was estimated at 25,000 gas masks. Up to May 20, 1917, the Union sent to the front about 8,500,000 gas masks of the new type valued at some 15,000,- 000 rubles. The task of the Union did not end with the dispatch of the gas masks to the army. It was soon observed that the soldiers did not know, at the critical moment, how to make prompt use of the new gas masks and did not fully realize their importance. The Union therefore opened at Moscow a school where the purpose and use of gas masks were taught. The military units located around Moscow detailed officers and men to receive instruction, and these trained others to act as instructors to the units in the field. In the military district of Moscow anti-gas training soon bore excellent fruit, so that after July no troops were sent to the front from that district without having received proper anti-gas training and without prac- tical experience of going through poison gas with their masks on. Much more difficult was the task of providing anti-gas instruction at the front. For a considerable time the higher military authorities were unable to see any urgent necessity for the zemstvo anti-gas in- structors at the front. It was only after the appearance of the first anti-gas units which found difficulty in obtaining permission to be- gin their work in the army that the military authorities changed their view. The zemstvo anti-gas units worked on a single plan pre- pared by Moscow. Each unit consisted of nine chemists with a con- siderable staff of assistants and transport facilities. They carried with them laboratory equipment, in sections that could be quickly assembled, besides a supply of gas, gas masks, and remedies for gas poisoning. On their arrival at their destination at the front, the anti-gas unit would proceed to erect a chamber, fill it with gas, demonstrate to the troops the effects of gas on animals, instruct

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