Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter XII. The Central Committee of the union of Zemstvos in the third year of the war

Collection:: Economics Books

THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE 267 than the rights with which the zemstvos were already endowed. And yet, in spite of these rights, the zemstvos were groaning under the vigilance of the provincial governors. We have seen already that special organs of the Union were often formed for the express pur- pose of safeguarding for the officers of the Union that freedom of action which was denied to the legally authorized zemstvo boards. It seemed idle to hope to obtain by legislative action that freedom which the local organs of the Union were so much in need of, and at the same time it had to be borne in mind that legislative regulation of the functions of the Union along lines approved by the bureau- cracy might even go so far as to render all fruitful work impossible. To be sure, the Union was already beginning at the close of the sec- ond year of the War to take into consideration possible post-war conditions, and whilst establishing the institutions made necessary by the War, was striving, as were also separate zemstvos, so to or- ganize them that they should meet the general needs not only during the War but after it. The officers of the Union felt absolutely cer- tain that it would continue its work after the War; but they realized only too well the futility of hoping for legislative sanction for such institutions at that particular moment. As work progressed, however, the unlegalized existence of the Union gave rise to ever increasing troubles. Lacking those legal powers which would have enabled it to conclude legally binding contracts, the Union was confronted with numerous difficulties in its commercial and general business transactions. These had all to be entered into in the name of individual zemstvos, which frequently resulted in a loss of time and money. Having carefully considered the abnormal situation, the Commit- tee of the Union in March, 1916, at last decided to take steps to legalize the Union. A bill to this effect was examined by a confer- ence of delegates of provincial zemstvos on March 12-14, 1916. It carefully avoided raising “dangerous” questions, such as that of the legal character of the Union, of the relations to be established be- tween its several organs and the Government, etc. It was drafted on the assumption that the Union was merely a temporary organization created to meet the necessities and possible consequences of the War. [t sanctioned, moreover, as it were, that internal machinery of the Union which had been evolved in practice, merely adding a chapter borrowed from the law governing the zemstvos, which gave the Un-

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