Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter XV. The effects of the war upon the work of local government

Collection:: Economics Books

296 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR the sphere of the zemstvo work was greatly expanded, in view of the various new undertakings to which the War gave rise. It will be understood, therefore, that its quality in spite of the self-sacrificing efforts of the staffs, was bound to suffer. In a report presented by the district zemstvo board to the zemstvo assembly of Vitegra, province of Olonets, during the autumn session of 1915 we read the following description of the condition of the medical service in that district: To begin with, four out of five zemstvo doctors in the district and a proportional number of junior medical officers were mobilized. The mo- bilized doctors are only partly replaced by the one doctor who attends at the dispensary and the hospitals, besides visiting the more remote medical stations. The vacancies of junior medical officers have been partly filled by new appointments and partly left vacant; sometimes their duties are performed by the medical officers of adjoining districts. . , . Many medical supplies formerly imported from abroad cannot now be obtained. . . . Prices have increased 100 per cent and even more. High Cost of Living. Toward the close of 1915 the high cost of living was already be- ginning to be seriously felt, affecting, in the first instance, the finan- cial situation of the northern zemstvos, that is, localities that did not produce any surplus of grain. In the reports of some of the northern district zemstvo boards which were presented at the zem- stvo assembly meeting in the autumn of 1915, complaints were made of the diminution in the receipts from taxation, and some of the zemstvos were already becoming apprehensive of a financial crisis. Thus, the chairman of the district zemstvo board of Makarev, province of Kostroma, at a conference convened by him on Septem- ber 18, 1915, reported that the average monthly receipts of the board from taxation amounted to only 22,000 rubles, whilst the monthly expenditure was approximately 100,000 rubles; in other words, the zemstvo appeared to be approaching inevitable financial disaster.* At this period the financial position of the southern zemstvos in the black soil belt, that is to say, a territory depending chiefly on its surpluses of grain, which had greatly risen in price, was as yet ¢ Vestnik (News) of the Kostroma zemstvo, 1917, No. 80.

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