Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter I. Origin and organization of zemstvo institutions

Collection:: Economics Books

ORIGIN AND ORGANIZATION 21 in the work of the zemstvos, and the intellectual element which could not rest satisfied with the dead routine work of the bureaucratic government services also began to flock to the institutions of local government. We may say without hesitation that there was no other mstitution in Russia that attracted such large numbers of unselfish, devoted workers as did the zemstvos. The results were not slow in manifesting themselves. First of all, the zemstvos turned their attention to problems of education and health. Rural Russia, mostly illiterate and hitherto lacking all pro- vision for medical attendance, was now being covered rapidly with a network of schools, hospitals, and dispensaries. Of course, the zem- stvo institutions were not everywhere and constantly displaying full capacities. Much depended upon the composition of the zemstvo assemblies. Sometimes one would come across conservative district zemstvos side by side with others that were progressive and active; but, broadly speaking, those provinces that had zemstvos soon out- distanced in cultural progress the non-zemstvo provinces that re- mained under the rule of the bureaucracy. The following figures relating to medical conditions® are illuminating: in 1895, there was one hospital bed per 6,500 population in the thirty-four zemstvo provinces, as against one bed per 41,000 in the fourteen non-zem- stvo provinces of European Russia. The per capita disbursement for medical services in the thirty-four zemstvo provinces was 34 co- pecks in 1892 and 56 copecks in 1904, while in the fourteen non- zemstvo provinces the disbursement for the respective years was 17 and 22 copecks. It appears from these figures that the difference between the medical service in provinces enjoying and not en joying local gov- ernment, which had been very marked even during the first quarter of a century of zemstvo work, was growing even greater as time went on. Similar results became apparent in the educational field. Accord- ing to a census of rural schools in 1911, there were then 46 pupils for every thousand rural population of both sexes in the thirty-four zemstvo provinces, as against 34 pupils in other parts of European Russia and 18 only in Asiatic Russia. ° V. Veselovsky, Istorya Zemstv (History of Local Government), Vols. I-IV, St. Petersburg, 1905-1909.

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