Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter I. Origin and organization of zemstvo institutions

Collection:: Economics Books

ORIGIN AND ORGANIZATION 27 country with the advice and counsel of popular representatives. But the young monarch, addressing the deputies at their reception, told them that these wishes were only “senseless dreams.” Controversy over Taxation on Schools. The zemstvo reform of 1890 affected the educational activities of these institutions just as little as it changed their political aspira- tions. In spite of its antiquated political organization, the Russian Empire made rapid strides along the path of cultural and economic progress, the wants of the population correspondingly increased, and the zemstvos could not but endeavor to satisfy these wants in spite of the growing hostility and opposition of the central power. [t was the very period that followed the reactionary reforms of 1890 which witnessed an unprecedented expansion of zemstvo activities. This was seen, above all, in the budgets of the zemstvos. The follow- ing figures show the expansion of zemstvo budgets during the period of 1875-1905: Expenditure in thirty- Average annual four zemstvo provinces growth of expenditure 1875 1905 18756-1890 1890-1905 (in thousands of rubles) 124,185 2.1C¢ Total expenditure [ncluding: Education Public health Economic and agronomic measures 48 Veterinary aid 121 28.870 25,514 3% “Xa cA i,206 1.663 3,606 2 080 B7 183 The growing zemstvo budgets, involving heavier land taxation, caused alarm in some very influential circles among the landed pro- prietors. A campaign was launched in the columns of the reaction- ary press against the “levity” with which the zemstvos were said to be spending the hard-earned money of the population. The result was that, on June 12, 1900, a law was passed which fixed definite rates of taxation. The zemstvos were now prohibited from raising their assessments by more than 3 per cent per annum (on the aver- age for several years) and the Minister of the Interior was author ® Kalendar Zemskago Deyately (Zemstvo Yearbook) for 1917.

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