Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter I. Origin and organization of zemstvo institutions

Collection:: Economics Books

ORIGIN AND ORGANIZATION 33 The attitude of the Government toward the zemstvo likewise changed after the revolution of 1905. This was due, on the one hand, to the fact that the political disposition of the zemstvos them- selves was now more to the taste of the Government, and on the other, to the fact that there was now a Duma. As the Duma had be- come the national arena of the political struggle, the political ac- tion of the zemstvo assemblies lost all importance and came to a standstill.’ Besides, in the four decades of their existence, the zem- stvos had won so conspicuous a place in the organization of the empire and had become so closely knit with the administration of the whole country that it would have been idle to think of restricting or abolishing them. Thus it came about that, after the revolution of 1905, at the same time that a constitutional régime was made the basis of the Russian Empire, the zemstvos won the unconditional and definite recognition of the Government. The Zemstvos after 1905. During the interval between the revolution of 1905 and 1917 the zemstvos developed vigorously in many different branches of eco- nomic and cultural life. This, as above indicated, was now facili- tated by the better relations established with the Government and by the special attention that was paid to their needs by the Duma. It is true, up to the World War the conservative majorities of the Third and Fourth Dumas were not eager to promote any radical reform of the rather obsolete basic principles of zemstvo administra- tion ;° but they were nevertheless in favor of the principle of local government and persuaded the Government to extend financial sup- port to existing zemstvos and to establish new ones in provinces where none as yet existed. The financial subsidies from the Government took the form of very liberal appropriations for agronomic assistance to the peas- antry and of special funds for the rural and urban local government bodies, to enable them to provide enough schools for an ultimately Only in 1916 did the zemstvos again commence political action, being driven to this by the entirely abnormal political situation that arose during the War. ‘ The first two Dumas intended to introduce radical zemstvo reforms, to be based on universal suffrage. This plan was frustrated by their dissolu- tion.

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