Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter II. Activities of the zemstvo institutions on the eve of the war

Collection:: Economics Books

12 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR nually. Requiring vast amounts of other anti-epidemic vaccines and serums, the zemstvos proceeded to set up their own bacteriological laboratories for their production. In 1914 such institutions were maintained by the following eleven provincial zemstvos: Vyatka, Ekaterinoslav, Perm, Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Tula, Ufa, Kherson, Chernigov, and Tambov. Of the twenty-nine Russian Pasteur Institutes for the treatment of rabies, five belonged to the Government, eight were maintained by private individuals and medical associations, three belonged to the municipalities, three were under the joint auspices of municipalities and zemstvos, and ten were maintained by the zemstvos alone. Eight provincial zemstvos had special sanitariums for mineral water cures or mud-bath treatment. The mud baths of Saki main- tained by the Tauride zemstvo were famed throughout Russia and attracted as many as 2,500 patients every year from all parts of the country. In concluding our brief survey of the public health work of the zemstvos, we may also mention the establishment of special training schools for junior medical officers and midwives. Such institutions were maintained by twenty-eight provincial and two district zem- stvos. Orphanages. Among the legacies inherited by the provincial zemstvos from the Departments of Public Welfare of the old era were the homes for the aged and orphanages for abandoned children. The former insti- tutions continued to be maintained by the zemstvos on about the same modest scale as previously. As for the care of abandoned chil- dren, however, it may be stated that some of the zemstvos achieved substantial results. Apart from orphanages for abandoned children, eleven provincial zemstvos established orphanages for children who had lost both parents, while nine zemstvos organized in connection with orphanages the so-called institution of “patronage,” that is, boarding out the children, until they came of age, with peasant families. Naturally, adequate supervision was organized to see that such children were properly brought up and educated. Many zem- stvos had several thousand such wards to care for. During the last years before the War, as a result of industrial expansion and the consequent increasing drift of the rural popula-

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