Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter III. Origin and organization of the All-Russian Union of Zemstvos

Collection:: Economics Books

ORIGIN OF THE UNION 53 More than twenty years passed after the Crimean campaign, and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 broke out. In this interval of time numerous changes had taken place in the world. At Geneva, the International Red Cross Society had been organized; and in Russia, too, a branch of the society had been established, although composed chiefly of government officials and therefore rather re- mote from the broader public. Local government had then been in existence in Russia for more than a decade; but it was not yet suffi- ciently strong to make its voice effectively heard. Still, the Russian Red Cross understood very well that, if it was to obtain powerful financial support from the local government organs and private citizens, it would have to widen its constitution sufficiently to admit into its ranks such outsiders as might be enjoying the particular confidence of the general public. In organizing its field hospitals for service at the front, therefore, the Red Cross put at their head representatives of the gentry as well as zemstvo leaders known throughout Russia. These hospitals were expected to work behind the front lines (in Rumania), but some of them advanced neverthe- less into the zone of actual hostilities during critical moments in the struggle, to bring help to sufferers under the enemy’s direct fire. The leaders of these hospitals have produced some excellent reports of their activities in the Turkish campaign. The Zemstvos in the Russo-Japanese War. Twenty-five years later, at the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, the zemstvos were already fully conscious of their strength and influence. At that time the Moscow zemstvo board was presided over by M. Shipov, one of the most influential zemstvo leaders of the country. Reserved, determined, tactful, remote from revolutionary ideas or aspirations, he was at the same time a man of liberal views, and he felt confident that the zemstvos working in combination, ought to be able to counteract the effects of the War. He therefore made good use of every possible opportunity to codrdinate the ac- tivities of the zemstvo institutions throughout the country. At the beginning of 1904 he succeeded in calling together in Mos- cow the representatives of the zemstvos and created an organization for the relief of sick and wounded soldiers in which all zemstvos took part. He was chosen by the assembly as the leader of the whole move- ment. He decided to send zemstvo hospitals and canteens to Korea,

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