Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter V. The Zemstvos and the Zemstvo Union

Collection:: Economics Books

THE ZEMSTVOS AND THE UNION TT the needs, and the result was that the zemstvos not only ceased prac- tically to spend their own funds for this purpose, but began to re- ceive from the Government, through the Zemstvo Union. enormous sums for the upkeep of their hospitals. The remaining zemstvo appropriations for the war needs were not only not reduced, but, on the contrary, showed a tendency to increase. In particular, the expenditure involved in caring for the families of zemstvo employees called to the colors became heavier. Moreover, a new item of expenditure appeared in the zemstvo budget in 1915, namely, the supply of food to the population, as a direct consequence of the War. Upon the whole, however, it may be said that, while the zemstvos during the first half year of the War did appropriate large sums out of their own funds for the general needs of the State, later on we observe a vast stream of government funds flowing into the zemstvo treasury. Local Institutions of the Union. During the first month of the War the specific war tasks of the zemstvos had been to provide a sufficient number of hospitals, equip them quickly, assist in evacuation and distribution of the sick and the wounded, organize public collections of funds and articles, and aid the families of those who were called to the front, or families who had suffered in one way or another as a consequence of the War. In course of time, new needs arose. The zemstvos had to take part in the purchasing operations for the supply of provisions and munitions for the army, assist millions of refugees sweeping into the interior from the war zone, take measures to combat the epidemics following in their wake, aid in the general food supply campaign, help to fight the high cost of living, take steps to counteract the curtailment of the area of agricultural cultivation which was al- ready threatening, and, in general, help in preventing the decline of agricultural production. Such were the tasks confronting the Union of Zemstvos. As the Union represented a combination of the zemstvos, it was natural to expect that this work would be carried out locally by the indi- vidual zemstvos. The creators of the Union, however, were fully alive to conditions as they existed locally and they were aware that, as has been noted previously, these local bodies were not quite free to act as they saw fit. Half a century of experience had taught the

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