Foreign trade zones (or free ports)

The agrarian system of Moslem India

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1801857903

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-199077

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Foreign trade zones (or free ports)

Place of publication:: Washington

Publisher:: United States Government Printing Off.

Year of publication:: 1929

Scope:: IX, 322 S; Ill., graph. Darst

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

Index

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Index

Collection:: Economics Books

114 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA failure. Areas of failure were to be noted during Measure- ment, and deducted from the total area of the plot before the Demand on it was calculated; while injuries to crops detected after the assessment had been made were to be reported, with details of the area affected, to the authority to whom the assessment statement had been transmitted. These provisions obviously constitute an essential part of the system, for, considering the high pitch of the assessment, crop-failure must have been a very serious matter. For the rest, the procedure was simple. The crop on each field was first noted: the entries for each peasant were then brought together; and the total Demand on him fer the season was calculated by applying the sanctioned assess- ment-rates. These totals gave, when added up, the Demand on the village, and an assessment statement for it was then sent, we are told, ‘to Court”—presumably at this period to the Revenue Ministry, though, after the change in organisation already noticed, the sanctioning authority would probably be the provincial Diwan. The rules then pass from assessment to collection. Peasants were to be encouraged to bring their revenue in cash to the treasury as each instalment fell due, but col- lecting agents were also sent to the villages, and the headmen and village-accountants also took part in the process. There are no orders regulating the disposal of grain collected as revenue, and it may be inferred that the practice was too rare to require general rules. The remaining provisions deal with treasury procedure and miscellaneous matters, including numerous periodical returns: all that need be noticed here is that the coliector acted as the local agent of the Sadr in connection with the demarcation of Grants, and that the formal prohibition of a long list of miscellaneous exactions—from the jiziya, or personal tax, imposed by Islamic law but not claimed by Akbar, down to the cus- tomary present (saldmi) from a headman coming to pay his respects—suggests the possibility of a substantial illicit income being within the reach of the collector. When we scrutinise the detailed provisions imposing so manv specific duties on the collector and his clerk. the

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