The agrarian system of Moslem India

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1804119261

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-188010

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Moreland, William Harrison http://d-nb.info/gnd/172263670

Title:: The agrarian system of Moslem India

Edition:: 2. ed. Reissue (d. Ausg. Cambridge) 1929; [Reprint]

Place of publication:: Delhi

Publisher:: Oriental Books, Munshiram Manoharlal

Year of publication:: 1968

Scope:: XVII, 296 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter III. The Sayyid and Afghan dynasties

Collection:: Economics Books

THE REIGN OF AKBAR (1556-1605) IT know, there is no record showing the extent of the Reserved areas at this period, or the number of collectors employed, and all that can be said is that the rules applied directly only to a portion, and probably a small portion, of the Empire, though we may conjecture that indirectly they may have set a standard of procedure for the area in the hands of assignees. In the next place, it ic important to realise that each of these chapters has a definite structure, dealing successively with different branches of the work, so that each separate provision must not be read as applying indiscriminately in all cases. The latter course would land us in various con- tradictions, a thing being allowed in one place, and pro- hibited in another; but, if due attention is paid to the context, these apparent contradictions disappear, and we find a carefully drafted code of practice, tedious in point of detail, and omitting much that we should like to know, but, taken as a whole, intelligible, and obviously workable by officers familiar with the system and with the technical language used in the department. The environment in which the code was intended to operate is not formally described, but we can discern in its provisions the elements of a village such as is familiar in later periods, a number of peasants each in separate posses- sion of his holding, with one or more headmen occupying a privileged position, and with an accountant, the patwadrz, keeping records of cultivation, assessment, and collections, records which were available to the administration, but belonged to the village, and not, as now, to the State. The collector’s attitude towards the peasants is defined in precise terms. He was to be the peasants’ friend, and as such was to be accessible to them without intermediaries. He was to treat each peasant as an individual; and, in order to be able to do this, he was required to familiarise himself with agriculture in its local aspects. He was re- quired also to recognise the importance of the headmen in developing the village as a productive unit, and, in cases where their efforts were successful, he was to allow them a share in the results, the proportion of 2% per cent., cal- culated on the cultivated area, being suggested as

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