The agrarian system of Moslem India

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1804119261

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-188010

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Moreland, William Harrison http://d-nb.info/gnd/172263670

Title:: The agrarian system of Moslem India

Edition:: 2. ed. Reissue (d. Ausg. Cambridge) 1929; [Reprint]

Place of publication:: Delhi

Publisher:: Oriental Books, Munshiram Manoharlal

Year of publication:: 1968

Scope:: XVII, 296 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter VC. The seventeenth century

Collection:: Economics Books

154 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA or technical meaning up to the middle of the seventeenth century, when the Badshahnama was written. In the Maasir-i Alamgiri, which was completed in 1710, there are signs of specialisation, while Khwafi Khan, writing some years later, used the word definitely in the special sense which was current in the North at the opening of the British period, that is to say as denoting a tract of country held in possession, whatever the nature of the title! An official or a Chief, an assignee, or even a foreign power, could have a Dependency in this special sense, for possession was coming to be the only thing that mattered. In the next chapter we shall have to record the results which ensued when British officers came to administer Northern India, and tended, not unnaturally, to regard Dependencies of all sorts as held in the same tenure; here it must suffice to note that the term, in its special sense, came into promi- nence in the period of disorganisation, when the value of rights or claims depended mainlv on the power to enforce them Among the various holders of Dependencies, we have seen already that assignees had lost the leading position they occupied in the middle of the seventeenth century. Mean- while other classes of Intermediaries had increased in im- portance. The decay of the central administration neces- sarily strengthened the Chiefs; and this term must now be extended to Moslems, since men of this religion had in fact established themselves in positions not to be distinguished from those of Rajas or Rais. Strong Viceroys might become de facto Kings, as happened in Oudh, in Rohilkhand, and in Farrukhabad; and officers of lower rank might in the same way establish themselves as practically independent within a smaller area. Farmers also had similar opportunities, which were increased by a prolongation in the terms for which farms were given. and by the practice of accepting ! Khwiafi Khan in his first volume applies the word indifferently to the area held by an assignee (i. 266, 324); by a Chief—Jodhpur (i. 288), and Jhajhar Bandela (i. 516); and by a foreign power— the taluq of the Portuguese’ (i. 469). Its use becomes more common in the second volume, when he was writing of his own time: e.g. ‘zamindars in their own taluqs’ (ii. 89); the taluqs of ussignees (114): ‘‘the talua of the Faujdir of Mulher’ (277)

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