The agrarian system of Moslem India

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1804119261

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-188010

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Moreland, William Harrison http://d-nb.info/gnd/172263670

Title:: The agrarian system of Moslem India

Edition:: 2. ed. Reissue (d. Ausg. Cambridge) 1929; [Reprint]

Place of publication:: Delhi

Publisher:: Oriental Books, Munshiram Manoharlal

Year of publication:: 1968

Scope:: XVII, 296 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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214 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA that “since the jama-i mamailik of Gujarat had not reached the headquarter record-office after ascertainment, Raja Todar Mal was sent to Gujarat to determine the jama-i wildyat accurately, and to make over the amended schedule to the record-office.” The second records that the Raja, “who had gone to Gujarat to correct the jama-i wilayit, returned to Court, and [after compliments] presented the amended record relating to the jama of Gujarat.” We may infer that the provincial administra- tion had been instructed to ascertain the true Valuation, but had failed to do so; consequently, the Raja was deputed to effect the business. It will be noticed that this writer speaks first of the ‘aggregate of the provinces,” then of the ‘‘aggregate of the country,” and then of the “aggregate of Gujarat,” the three phrases being obviously synonymous. (2) Again, the Akbarnama (iii. 726 ff) attributes the peasants’ rebellion in Kashmir shortly after its annexation to the oppression exercised by the new assignees, who (besides other mistakes) had foolishly demanded the full jama. Here jama cannot mean Demand, because to demand the Demand would be neither folly nor oppression. The point is that the original Valuation on which the Assignments were granted was excessive; and the attempts of the assignees to realise their full expected Income, without consideration of the actual position, drove the peasants into rebellion. That this is the true reading is clear from the action taken by the Emperor. First, in order to deal with the actual emergency, he limited the assignees’ Income to one-half of the Produce, in accordance with the local standard of Demand, and ordered them to refund to the peasants whatever they had collected in excess of this amount; next, in order to provide for the future (Igbalndma, ii. 453), he ordered the preparation of a new Valuation, which should be in accordance with the facts, and would thus prevent the recurrence of similar trouble. The sense “Valuation” persists in the literature of the seven- teenth century. Thus the Badshihnima records (II. 360), that when the Chief of Palimau was, after some trouble, brought into the Empire, a jama of one kror of dams was fixed on his country, which was then assigned to him at this figure. Here jama cannot possibly mean the Demand on the peasants: the transaction was, I take it, purely formal, in the sense that there was no question of any monev being received or paid. All

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