The agrarian system of Moslem India

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1804119261

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-188010

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Moreland, William Harrison http://d-nb.info/gnd/172263670

Title:: The agrarian system of Moslem India

Edition:: 2. ed. Reissue (d. Ausg. Cambridge) 1929; [Reprint]

Place of publication:: Delhi

Publisher:: Oriental Books, Munshiram Manoharlal

Year of publication:: 1968

Scope:: XVII, 296 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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264 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA for certain peculiarities in their presentation, such as the in- clusion of miscellaneous revenue as a “subdivision,” the entire absence of any reference to Grants, and the omission of any detail of the local forces by subdivisions. I find it impossible to suggest an alternative hypothesis which would account for all these features, but they fall naturally into line on the view that the record, as we have it, was based on records kept by the previous Government, and consequently reproduced peculiarities in which the local practice had differed from that of the older Mogul provinces. Taking it as a preliminary Valuation of this kind, we may infer that it was found to be unsatisfactory, for one of Jahangir’s earliest recorded actions (Tidzuk, g) was to appoint a Diwan to revise the Valuation; there is, however, no record of the result, and from the later history discussed in Chapter VII it appears as if the figures given in the Ain remained substantially unaltered till the middle of the seventeenth century. As regards Khandesh, which in the Ain is called Dandes, we find (i. 474) the “aggregate” given in Berar tankas (of 24 dams), and we are told that Akbar increased the original figures by 50 per cent. at the time when the fortress of Asir was taken, this event marking the definitive conquest of the country. We thus have the old and the new aggregate, and the action taken here was clearly what I have suggested was taken in Bengal, in that existing figures were adopted as a basis. It is hard to believe that Akbar should have signalised his conquest by summarily raising the Demand on the peasants by so large a proportion, a course which would necessarily increase the diffi- culties of establishing his rule; but, if “aggregate” here means Valuation, what happened was that Akbar, having reason to believe that the old Valuation understated the facts, ordered such an increase that the new Valuation should correspond more closely with the Income which his assignees could hope to realise. Here, as’ in Bengal, there is no record of Grants, while the local forces are not enumerated, though. their existence is mentioned. In Berar, the “original aggregate” of 3} krors of the local tankas had been raised (i. 478) by the “Deccanis,” that is to say, the previous rulers, and a further increase was made after the Mogul conquest. Here we have another instance of figures being taken over from the previous régime, and enhanced by the new government, and again there is the improbability of an enhancement of Demand at conquest: while. on the other hand.

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