The agrarian system of Moslem India

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1804119261

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-188010

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Moreland, William Harrison http://d-nb.info/gnd/172263670

Title:: The agrarian system of Moslem India

Edition:: 2. ed. Reissue (d. Ausg. Cambridge) 1929; [Reprint]

Place of publication:: Delhi

Publisher:: Oriental Books, Munshiram Manoharlal

Year of publication:: 1968

Scope:: XVII, 296 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

268 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA evidence, the question remains open whether the recorded Valuation of a Chief's country represents tribute actually paid, or is merely a nominal figure, arrived at in the course of negotia- tions for a formal submission. My own guess is that practice varied, and that some Chiefs paid tribute while others did not, but, so far as Akbar’s reign is concerned, I cannot advance facts in its support. Another example of the entries relating to Chief's country may be taken from the district of Kumaiin in the province of Delhi (Ain, i. 521). Here, out of 21 subdivisions, the Valuation of five was “undetermined,” or, in other words, no arrangement had been come to with the Chiefs; for the remaining 16, the Valuation is given without further details: and as in the case of Bikanir, the question remains open whether any payment of tribute was actually made or claimed. Further examples of the same kind will be found in other provinces, but I have discovered no case in which it is possible to say with certainty whether Akbar claimed tribute or not; and the only point on which we can be reasonably sure is that the figures do not represent what the country was worth to the Chiefs, or, in other words, they furnish no indication of the Demand made bv the Chiefs on the peasants in those regions. So far then as the more important Chiefs are concerned, it is possible, subject to the ambiguity as to payment of tribute, to interpret the statistics in the light of our knowledge of the period: the question remains whether it is possible to trace the smaller Chiefs, who certainly existed at this period. The statistics treat each subdivision as a unit, and consequently it is hopeless to look for traces of Chiefs holding less than a complete subdivision; but there are certain indications, of varying value, which suggest that some entire subdivisions were held by Chiefs, and it may be of service to students of local historv to explain what these indications are. (2) In a measured district, the absence of area-figures for a subdivision suggests that it may have been left in the hands of a Chief, so that assessment bv Measurement had not been extended to it. (6) When the Valuation is given in a round figure, there is a suggestion that it may have been fixed in a lump, and not built up from the figures of the constituent villages. {¢) The absence of anv record of Grants points vaguely in the

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