The agrarian system of Moslem India

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1804119261

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-188010

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Moreland, William Harrison http://d-nb.info/gnd/172263670

Title:: The agrarian system of Moslem India

Edition:: 2. ed. Reissue (d. Ausg. Cambridge) 1929; [Reprint]

Place of publication:: Delhi

Publisher:: Oriental Books, Munshiram Manoharlal

Year of publication:: 1968

Scope:: XVII, 296 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter I. Antecedents

Collection:: Economics Books

ANTECEDENTS I3 subordinate Chiefs, or ex-kings, paying revenue to a superior; but the number of kings, and the frequency of war, during the Hindu period furnished the conditions in which such an institution would naturally arise, and the Arthasasira recognises the existence, or at least the possibility, of vassal kings, and of payments by them of taxes or subsidies! The same work speaks of taxes levied from whole villages, an expression which points to something like the Group- assessment of Moslem times; and, finally, the essential feature of Measurement, payment of a definite quantity of grain per unit of area cultivated, recurs in inscriptions? from Southern India, dating from a period earlier than the Moslem conquest of the North. In this connection it may be appropriate to refer to the modern practice of the Rajput State of Udaipur-Mewar, a tract which was never subjected to Moslem administration, and where it is probable that Hindu institutions have survived in their integrity. Mr. G. Chenevix Trench, who has recently been employed in reassessing the State, informs me that he found the three methods of assessment, Sharing, Measurement, and Contract, in operation side by side, and sometimes within the limits of a single village. Sharing was ordinarily carried out by Estimation, at the rate of one-third or one-half the produce (apart from cesses), but the peasants had the option of claiming actual Division and weighment of the produce on the threshing-floor. In some villages, Measurement was the general practice; while, as far back as the records go, it has been the regular rule in the case of crops such as sugarcane, poppy, or vegetables, which are not handled on the threshing-floor. The antiquity of the Contract system is proved by documents going back in some cases for four centuries, and indicating a long-established practice. Group-assessment is common in the State: Farming was discontinued only about half- a-century ago; and Assignments to officials were until recently a normal feature of the administration. Such is the position in that part of Northern India which has been least under the influence of Moslem practice; and, ! See Books VI and VII, and especially p. 109. } Aivangar, 150, 175.

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