The agrarian system of Moslem India

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1823190766

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-220010

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Finanzen und Steuern im In- und Ausland

Place of publication:: Berlin

Publisher:: Hobbing

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: 896 S; graph. Darst.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Zweiter Hauptteil. Statistik ausländischer Finanzen und Steuern. Unterlagen zum internationalen Vergleich

Collection:: Economics Books

176 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA but there is one case in which they may have been utilised in Moslem times, though the fact is not recorded. We have seen in Chapter IV that Akbar’s administrators prepared a set of assessment-schedules differentiated to meet the local conditions prevailing in the different portions of the Empire; and I conjecture that, in defining the area to which a particular schedule was to apply, they may have been guided, among other data, by the soil-rates recognised in the villages, and used in determining intra-village pay- ments. On this view, the division of Akbar’s Empire into circles with separate schedules of rates would stand in historical relation with the assessment-circles of the nine- teenth century, which were based largely on the soil-rates actually prevailing: but the schedules themselves were not based on differences of soil, but on differences of yield. Outside the village, as inside it, there is no apparent breach of continuity. Assignments still existed, though they had become much less important; the village paid the revenue ordinarily to a Chief or to a Farmer, and the fact that farms tended to increase in duration finds a ready explanation in the changes resulting from the decay of the Mogul administration. The stability of the institutions whose history can be traced justifies us in asking whether we can carry back through the Moslem period those other institutions on which Moslem chronicles throw so little light—the Brotherhood, the peasants outside the Brother- hood, and the minor tenures. which have been described above. As to the minor tenures, it may be said with confidence that no inference can be drawn from their non-appearance in the chronicles, because they would have been mentioned only by accident. The village servants are obviously an old institution, the methods of their remuneration bear the stamp of antiquity, and, in the absence of anything like evidence to the contrary, it is reasonable to infer that their tenure of small areas of land has persisted from very early times. Somewhat similar considerations are applicable 1 The early English records of the Upper Doib contain occasional references to the baldhar, or village menial. It will be remembered that the regulations of Aliuddin Khalji mentioned the baldhar as representing the lowest stratum in the rural population

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