Study week on the econometric approach to development planning

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1824422792

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-217476

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Study week on the econometric approach to development planning

Place of publication:: Amsterdam [u.a.]

Publisher:: North-Holland Publ. Co. [u.a.]

Year of publication:: 1965

Scope:: XLVII, 1259 S.; graph. Darst.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: The role of capital in economic development / Maurice Allais, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mines Paris - France

Collection:: Economics Books

INCREASING RETURNS pla 85 per unit are therefore going down — such a country will not only have a comparative advantage in manufactured goods, but will probably have a growing comparative advantage. The more it produces of such goods, the greater may be its advantage for ex- porting them; and hence it will turn its labor cumulatively in this direction. While it will have costs which (in the long run) are uniform for each several article of export, its costs will tend also to decline for each several article. In that sense — considering suc- cessive stages, not any given stage — it will have varying costs. This sort of advantage, even tho it generates itself and goes on crescendo, does not persist indefinitely. It rests primarily on human causes, not on those of the physical world without. It is subject to the vicissitudes of industry and in some degree to man’s deliberate action. England seems to have had some cumulative advantage of this kind during the first half or two-thirds of the 19th century. As time went on, other countries entered on the same paths; and they were probably aided in doing so by protective duties on their manufactures, that is, by deliberate action. At all events the international division of labor, while still affected by England’s matured position, was gradually controlled more and more by forces of a deeper and more permanent character, and this particular sort of advantage no longer played a part in shaping England’s foreign trade. At a later period, during the closing years of the 19th century and the opening years of the 20th, the United States also experienced a burst of industrial advance, and with it an astonishing development of external economies; and with this again a re-alignment of the effectiveness of labor in the several branches of production. Here, too, while agriculture was affected somewhat, manufactures werefaffected more. The proportion of manufactured exports tended to increase; and what was no less significant, the proportion of manufactures among the imports tended to decrease. Here, too, the change, cumulative tho its moving forces were, was not likely to progress indefinitely. As in the case of England, it did leave its permanent impress on the inter- national trade of the country, as well as on its domestic trade. But as time went on, other countries were likely to enter on similar

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