Aperçu des moyens directs et indirects mis dans les divers pays à la disposition des acheteurs étrangers pour s'assurer de la qualité des marchandises dont ils deviennent acquéreurs dans ces pays

The nature of capital and income

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1830545698

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-222059

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Aperçu des moyens directs et indirects mis dans les divers pays à la disposition des acheteurs étrangers pour s'assurer de la qualité des marchandises dont ils deviennent acquéreurs dans ces pays

Place of publication:: Genève

Publisher:: Societé des nations

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: 154 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

146 NATURE OF CAPITAL AND INCOME [CHar. IX ing, for instance, is the transformation of yarn into cloth by a rearrangement in the relative position of the warp and woof. Spinning, likewise, consists of moving, stretching, and twisting fibers into yarn; sewing, of changing the posi- tion of thread so that it may hold cloth together; and so with carding, wool-sorting, shearing, and all the other operations which constitute the manufacture of fabrics. | All manufacture and agriculture consist simply of a | series of transformations of wealth, and each transformation is two-faced. On the part of the transformed instrument (or instruments) the transformation is a disservice; on the part of the transforming instrument (or instruments) it is a service. We have seen that when a carpenter and his tools transform a house, i.e. build or repair it, he and his tools are credited and the house is debited. The same is true when the painter decorates it or the janitor cleans it. When a cobbler transforms leather into shoes, he is per- forming services; the shoes at each stage are occasioning disservices, or costs. When a bootblack transforms dirty shoes into clean and polished ones, he likewise is rendering services, and the shoes, disservices. In like manner, a loom which produces cloth out of yarn is to be credited with this operation as income, while the stock of cloth receiving the product of the loom is to be debited with the very same item as part of its outgo or “cost of production.” Again, land renders a service in producing wheat. On the part of the wheat, however, this is a disservice. Wheat production is a service of land, a disservice of wheat, If we consider a farm as pouring its crop into the stock of wheat of a granary, the entry of wheat from farm to wheat stock is credited to the farm as its service and debited to the wheat stock as its disservice. Sometimes, as has been said, the interaction consists not In causing a change, but in preventing one. A warehouse renders its service as a means of storing bales of cotton, i.e. protecting them from the elements. This storage is, how-

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