Modern business geography

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1830562916

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-217337

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Huntington, Ellsworth http://d-nb.info/gnd/117070092; Cushing, Sumner W.

Title:: Modern business geography

Place of publication:: New York [usw.]

Publisher:: World Book Company

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: VIII, 352 S.; Ill., graph. Darst.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Introduction

Collection:: Economics Books

| 4 Modern Business Geography loom lifted or lowered all the warp threads at once. Even today in the cotton-growing parts of Asia, Africa, and South America, much cotton is laboriously woven on hand looms. In our great factories the process of weaving is the same, except that it is done rapidly by machinery, with a fly-shuttle, instead of slowly by hand. As England was the first to give the world high-speed machinery for spinning, so was she the first to invent a machine for weaving. The spinning machine made necessary the weaving machine. Be- fore these two machines had been invented, a weaver could use the thread of six spinners; often he had to go from house to house among the spinners in the morning to get enough thread to weave during the afternoon. But the spinning machine produced such great quantities of thread that the weavers could not use it all. Then Arkwright invented the power loom, which could weave all the thread obtainable. In weaving machines, as in spinning machines, there has been con- stant improvement, and now the mill operative has merely to tie up occasional breaks in the threads and at intervals to refill the auto- matic shuttle supply. One weaver can tend ten to twenty of the latest automatic looms, making in all two hundred or more square yards of cloth a day. How cotton cloth is bleached. After the cloth is woven it may be bleached or dyed, or both, according to the use to which it is to be put. Most of the undyed cloth that we use is bleached. About half of all the cloth made of cotton is dyed. Bleaching is necessary because the white cotton becomes discol- ored, chiefly with oil from the machinery and with the “sizing,” or starch, which is put on the warp thread just before weaving to hold the fibers together and thus make the thread strong and smooth. [n the process of bleaching, the cloth is boiled with lime, washed, soaked in sulphuric acid, washed again, boiled with lime and ash and resin, washed a third time, soaked in chlorid of lime, placed again in acid, and then given a fourth and last washing. Each treatment is to remove either some special impurity or the surplus of the previous chemical. This part of the cotton industry shows how thoroughly dependent one industry is on many others. As modern spinning and weaving depend upon the industries that make machines, so bleaching depends upon the manufacture of chemicals. How cotton is dyed. The dyeing of cotton, even more than the bleaching, illustrates the dependence of one industry on another.

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