The story of Pittsburgh: Cement and concrete

Cement and concrete (Vol. 1, nr. 8)

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Identifikator:: 1831622599

Document type:: Multivolume work

Title:: The story of Pittsburgh

Place of publication:: Pittsburgh

Publisher:: First National Bank

Year of publication:: 1919-1930

Collection:: Economics Books

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Volume

Identifikator:: 1831623277

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-239793

Document type:: Volume

Title:: Cement and concrete

Volume count:: Vol. 1, nr. 8

Place of publication:: Pittsburgh

Publisher:: First National Bank

Year of publication:: 1921

Scope:: [ca. 18] Seiten

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

Chapter

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Materials Carefully Proportioned and Chemically Combined

Collection:: Economics Books

to produce commercially. In fact, the ground clinker sets too fast for commercial use. To retard this, a small pro- portion of gypsum is added. The principal advantages of portland cement over other cements are in the uniformity of the product, in the strong binding qualities and in the nicety to which the setting time can be regulated. Although the making of cement provides employment for many men, a large part of the work is done automatically. A visit to the Universal plant shows buildings that seem tenanted only by great machines going steadily about their tasks of drying, crushing, burning and powdering materials into cement every hour of every day the year around. A trip to a Universal plant not only impresses the visitor with the large scale of manufacturing operations, but with the facilities for handling, sorting, cleaning and repairing sacks. The company has more than 25 million cloth sacks that are either at its plants or in the hands of customers. The charge for sacks, as all cement buyers know, is invoiced with the cement, but a full refund is given for every sack that is returned in good or repairable condition. If this charge were not refunded, it would have to enter into the cost of building. During the war, sacks cost as much as 35 cents and were invoiced with the cement at 25 cents each. At the present price of 10 cents a sack, the charge for sacks on a job requiring 20,000 sacks of cement would total $2,000. The builder gets a large part of this $2,000 back— he gets 10 cents back for every sack that is returned in good or repairable condition. That this right to return cloth sacks and obtain refunds therefor is a privilege that saves millions of dollars to the building public annually is better appreciated when it is recollected that there are nearly 100 million sacks of cement used in the United States each vear. The sacking of cement is an interesting process. The bags themselves are out of the ordinary in that the tops are tightly wired before being filled and that the filling is done through a self-closing vent in the bottom. This vent is slipped over a spout or nozzle, a lever is pulled, cement Hows into the sack and it quickly swells much as a toy

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