Agricultural relief: Export debenture plan

Export debenture plan (Pt. 5)

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Identifikator:: 1831932415

Document type:: Multivolume work

Title:: Agricultural relief

Place of publication:: Washington

Publisher:: Gov. Pr. Off.

Year of publication:: 1928

Collection:: Economics Books

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Volume

Identifikator:: 1831934671

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-232129

Document type:: Volume

Title:: Export debenture plan

Volume count:: Pt. 5

Place of publication:: Washington

Publisher:: Gov. Pr. Off.

Year of publication:: 1928

Scope:: III S., S. 299 - 427

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Statement of Albert S. Goss, Master Washington State grange and member Executive Committee, national grange, Seattle, Wash.

Collection:: Economics Books

376 AGRICULTURAL RELIEF Mr. Stewart. I think not exactly. The situation in France is that in the southern Provinces there is a tendency to use imported grain in their flour mills; in the northern Provinces, which for several centuries have been on an exportable basis, in previous centuries exporting even into England. In the northern Provinces it 1s more natural to send the product out as flour or wheat, even over into Belgium or into Germany. ‘A scheme was worked out whereby the sending out of wheat from the northern Provinces became the occasion for the bringing in of duty-free wheat for milling in the southern mills. But it was not the same wheat that came back in. Mr. Fort. No; but again you have the situation that that is due to local conditions in their country, and not international problems. Mr. Stewart. It is a one-country reciprocity situation, if you lease. b Mr. Fort. Now, do you know of any place where this sort of pro- posal has been adopted by a nation as applicable to any commodity of which that nation habitually raises a surplus above its own re- quirements ?¢ Mr. Stewart. No. The reason why I have been interested in this other experience is that it has shown the mechanical workability of the plan, and it revealed a legal principle which could be worked under the Constitution of the United States. Our Constitution gives to Congress the power to lay and collect duties. That power has been interpreted to include the power also to lower the duties or to remit duties, as has been done in the case of sugar and molasses since 1876, now 51 years; and, inasmuch as that power to lay and collect duties obviously carries with it the power not to do so under certain specified conditions, it seems to me that this foreign expe- rience had a direct application under our organic law. Mr. Fort. I am not questioning the experience value: I am ask- ing as a point of historical information. Mr. Stewart. I am very glad you have done that. Mr. Fort, along that same historical line, has your economical investigation of this general question disclosed any country which habitually pro- duces a surplus over its own requirements of any commodity which has adopted a price-stimulation plan, except such price-stimulation plans as have been used in coffee, rubber, and sugar. which try to produce a decline in production ? Mr. Stewart. Yes; that was the purpose of the English bounties, from all I am able to learn from the researches of N. S. B. Gras, of the University of Minnesota, and Harvard University, who has given most attention to the English bounty system, I believe. That was apparently a deliberate purpose in England. Mr. Fort. What century ? Mr. Stewart. In the latter part of the seventeenth century and on through the eighteenth century. Mr. Fort. Was there any other nation which adopted it? Mr. Stewart. That, I believe, will be covered in a memorandum which is to be filed. It will have to be based largely upon the ounty bibliography of the United States Department of Agricul- ture, to which I referred earlier. But there is such experience. Yr. Fort. Has it been successful or has it had to be abandoned? r. STEwarT. It has been sufficiently successful to be continued.

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