Lage und Entwicklung der landwirtschaftlichen Grossbetriebe in den östlichen Landesteilen

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1837944032

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-232664

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Lage und Entwicklung der landwirtschaftlichen Grossbetriebe in den östlichen Landesteilen

Place of publication:: Berlin

Publisher:: Parey

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: 146 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: D. Die Entwicklungstendenz der landwirtschaftlichen Großbetriebe

Collection:: Economics Books

THE OUTLYING REGIONS 193 make them [the Towns] flourish,” a phrase which points to the development of vacant land. It would be rash to use the word “permanent” of any transaction entered into by a government of the period; but it is clear that the fixed payment had already become established when the Company acquired its rights, and the question of possible future en- hancement does not appear to have been raised in the course of the negotiations. Whatever the tenure really was, the fact remains that the origin of the early English use of the word zamindar is to be found in connection with this tran- saction; whether the Company’s tenure was technically 1jara or something else, the English in Calcutta were led to call it zamindari, and they became habituated to the word in the sense of collecting rents from tenants and paying revenue to government—the sense which later on they carried into Northern India. Whether this sense of the term prevailed generally in Bengal, or was confined to the neighbourhood of the Higli, is a question to which I cannot give a definite answer based on contemporary sources. I have not had opportunities of studying any records of the local history during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, and I cannot offer a confident account of what happened in the province at large during the interval between the preparation of the Ain and the appointment of the East India Company as Diwan in the year 1765. If, however, we may accept Sir John Shore's later account! as correctly representing the facts of that period, the word zamindar carried throughout Bengal the wider meaning which, we have seen, was current in Calcutta. Shore recognised that the zamindars of Akbar’s time were what I have called Chiefs, that is to say, men with claims antecedent to the establishment of the Mogul government, and enjoying hereditary positions subject to recognition by the Emperor. The great majority of the The translation of the former speaks of ‘‘renting,’” but in the latter the term used is ‘farming’; and, since the translations were made at the same time, and presumably by the same staff, the difference may well indicate a difference of language in the originals. I have failed to trace a Persian version of this order, and the question cannot therefore be settled definitely, but it is possible that ‘‘farming’’ in the translation may represent ijéra In the missing original. 1 Shore’s Minute of 2nd April, 1788, reprinted in Firminger, ii. 737.

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