Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe: Der Briefwechsel zwischen Marx und Engels 1868-1883 / [hrsg. von D. Rjazanov]

The agrarian system of Moslem India

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Identifikator:: 1818395479

Document type:: Multivolume work

Author:: Marx, Karl http://d-nb.info/gnd/118578537; Engels, Friedrich http://d-nb.info/gnd/118530380

Title:: Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe

Place of publication:: Frankfurt a.M.

Publisher:: Marx-Engels-Archiv

Year of publication:: 1927-

Collection:: Economics Books

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Volume

Identifikator:: 184104282X

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-239451

Document type:: Volume

Author:: Marx, Karl http://d-nb.info/gnd/118578537; Engels, Friedrich http://d-nb.info/gnd/118530380

Title:: Der Briefwechsel zwischen Marx und Engels 1868-1883 / [hrsg. von D. Rjazanov]

Volume count:: Abt. 3, Briefwechsel, Bd. 4

Place of publication:: [Frankfurt a.M.]

Publisher:: [Marx-Engels-Archiv]

Year of publication:: 1931

Scope:: XVI, 759 Seiten

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Der Briefwechsel zwischen Marx und Engels. 1868-1883

Collection:: Economics Books

86 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA duration of this arrangement is not recorded, but I think that it may be taken as temporary, and that it ended when, in the 15th year, the qaniingo-rates came into force. The method of calculating these rates is not on record, and the rates themselves have not been preserved; but the information which is available! appears to me to justify the conclusion that each qaniingo was required to prepare for his pargana a schedule of crop-yields in the same form as that which had previously been in use, showing the Demand on each crop, stated in grain, as one-third of the average produce; that is to say, the basic rule of assessment was unchanged, but it was applied separately to each pargana, instead of to the Empire as a whole. The Demand continued to be made in cash on the basis of local prices, and the figures for these still required the Emperor’s sanction from season to season; the imporjant difference was that the grain-Demand, to which these ngures were applied, was now based on local. instead of general, productivity. It is perhaps going too far to speak of “each pargana’: there was indeed a ganiingo in each pargana, but some of these charges were very small, and it is probable that schedules for adjoining parganas would sometimes be identical or nearly so. I suspect that the grouping of parganas into assessment-circles, which characterised the next set of rates, may really have originated at this time. but I have found no evidence on the point. At the time when this change was made, the Revenue Ministry was in charge of Muzaffar Khan and Raja Todar Mal. The former was still responsible for the general ad- ministration as well, and we may infer that the real author of the qaniingo-rates was the Raja, a figure equally prominent in history and in legend. As we shall see, Todar Mal was not responsible for the introduction of the next change in assessment, so that when his rates are spoken of by later writers, the reference ought to be to those which are now under discussion.? The introduction of the giniingo-rates can be traced in the figures of “ The Nineteen-Year,” which we have already ! The information on this point is brought together in Appendix E. * My reasons for discarding the much later account of Todar Mal's rates ziven in the chronicle of Khwafi Khin will be found in Appendix F

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