Das Erkenntnisproblem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit

Das Erkenntnisproblem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit (Bd. 1)

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Identifikator:: 1876769408

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-262860

Document type:: Volume

Author:: Cassirer, Ernst http://d-nb.info/gnd/118519522

Title:: Das Erkenntnisproblem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit

Volume count:: Bd. 1

Place of publication:: Berlin

Publisher:: Cassirer

Year of publication:: 1906

Scope:: XV, 608 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Volume

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Zweites Buch: Die Entdeckung des Naturbegriffs

Collection:: Economics Books

MÜLHAUSEN. 359 1902-5, 1,919 dwellings were sought, and 1,324 or 09 per cent, were of one, two, and three rooms without kitchen :— Year. Number of tenements sought. Number of tenements of One room. Two rooms. Three rooms. Three rooms or less. Total. Per cent. 1902- 3 1903- 4 1904- 5 Total 545 503 866 1,919 29 53 90 172 141 117 229 487 201 175 289 665 371 345 608 68 68 70 1,324 69 Of 748 returns from working-class households upon which predominant rents have been calculated for the purpose of this report, 65 or 8'7 per cent, were of tenements of one room without kitchen, 100 or 13 4 per cent, were of tenements of one room with kitchen, 290 or 38’8 per cent, were of tenements of two rooms with kitchen, and 293 or 39 2 per cent, were of tenements of three rooms with kitchen. The director of the House Bureau reported in 1904 “ tv lack of suitable working-class tenements of two, and particularly three, rooms with kitchen,” and added :—“In the mediation of dwellings the observation was made that the cases in which house owners on principle let only to childless families are increasing to a serious extent, so that families blessed with children can with difficulty find suitable dwellings. A tenant is often compelled to conceal the number of his family, a practice which as a rule leads to disputes with the landlord and a speedy notice to quit.” A typical modern working-class house, illustrative of housing conditions at their best, because it was erected under the existing by-laws, may here be described. It is a house of four stories, with two tenements on each floor, approached in the centre of Ihe building. On each floor entrance is obtained right and left to a corridor 8 feet long and nearly 4 feet wide, with doors into one of the two front rooms and the back room and the kitchen. The size of the rooms varies from 13 to 16 feet in length and 10 to 12 feet in width, while the kitchen is 12 feet by 8 feet, the height being 9 feet. One of the front rooms has two windows, and the rest have but one. The water-closets are outside on the landing, one for each tenement. The stairs are sufficiently broad, and the walls are plastered and afterwards stencilled in simple design. As in all newer houses there is good cellaring, and each household has a share. In Mülhausen not only the cooking stove but the heating stove as well invariably belongs to the tenant, who, as in the Rhineland, carries it with him from house to house as part of his furniture. Hence stoves of all kinds are used, the character and the quality depending upon the means of the owner. In the houses of artisans and working-people of good earnings the cooking range may have polished steel facings and cost as much as £2, but the usual contrivance is much simpler and cheaper, and the stoves found in most kitchens do not cost half this amount. The heating stove is a plain cast-iron upright structure, with perforated surface, and like the kitchen stove it burns coal and briquettes, though for economy’s sake much wood is also used for fuel. The very poor have a still cheaper arrangement for cooking—a mere oil or petroleum stove, costing a shilling or two. In many of the old houses an interesting survival of French influence exists in the form of the open hearth, raised some three feet from the ground and surmounted by a wide cupola-like smoke-conductor. The most primitive arrangement of the kind seen was a basement of brickwork 4 feet square and 1^ feet high, upon which rested a cheap iron stove, the smoke from which rose several feet in the air before gathering in a wide cupola communicating with the flue. In the front of the brickwork was a cavity used for the storage of fuel. The local custom is the monthly payment of rent, which as a rule includes the charge for water, which otherwise entails an extra charge of 1 s. a month. Notice to leave is generally given from the 1st to the 15th of the

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