Deutsche Geschichte: Urzeit und Mittelalter

The new industrial revolution and wages

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Multivolume work

Identifikator:: 1892063557

Document type:: Multivolume work

Author:: Lamprecht, Karl http://d-nb.info/gnd/118569015

Title:: Deutsche Geschichte

Place of publication:: Berlin

Publisher:: Gaertner

Year of publication:: 1891-

Collection:: Economics Books

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Volume

Identifikator:: 1892064774

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-237066

Document type:: Volume

Author:: Lamprecht, Karl http://d-nb.info/gnd/118569015

Title:: Urzeit und Mittelalter

Volume count:: Abt. 1

Place of publication:: Freiburg im Breisgau

Publisher:: Heyfelder

Year of publication:: 1904

Scope:: XVI, 420 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Achtes Buch

Collection:: Economics Books

20 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WAGES who, instead of engaging in outside employment or taking boarders and lodgers in the home, should have had their energies free to devote exclusively to their children and their households. It was therefore apparent that compe- tition, or the free play of the forces of supply and demand, in determining wages for these classes, should be so checked that the lowest wage-rates should not fall below the danger point—the point where the wage-earner and his family could not satisfy elementary subsistence needs. THE RESULTS OF BUDGETARY STUDIES Investigations were made to determine what this basic wage-rate should be. These inquiries consisted of budg- etary studies for the purpose of ascertaining what the minimum requirements for food, shelter, fuel, clothing and lighting of an average unskilled wage-earner’s family would cost on the basis of contemporaneous prices. Scien- tific analyses were prepared as to the food values necessary for workingmen and their wives and children of school age. Computations were then made as to the outlay neces- sary for food ordinarily purchased by wage-earners in order to provide proper nourishment on the basis of these scientifically determined food requirements. Direct investi- gations were also conducted in industrial localities to find out the cost of necessary housing, clothing, fuel, and light and sundries. These items were then brought together, and their aggregate cost disclosed the amount of family income essential to the physical maintenance alone of an average wage-earner’s family. No allowance was made for comforts, luxuries, recreation, or savings. The mini- mum budget represented the minimum cost of bare sub- sistence. As early as 1901, the United States Bureau of Labor had made a general study of more than 25,000 families of

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