Encyklopädie der Rechtswissenschaft: Encyklopädie der Rechtswissenschaft

Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Multivolume work

Identifikator:: 1896404200

Document type:: Multivolume work

Title:: Encyklopädie der Rechtswissenschaft

Place of publication:: Leipzig

Publisher:: Duncker & Humblot [u.a.]

Year of publication:: 1904-

Collection:: Economics Books

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Volume

Identifikator:: 1896404294

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-236881

Document type:: Volume

Title:: Encyklopädie der Rechtswissenschaft

Volume count:: Bd. 2

Place of publication:: Leipzig [u.a.]

Publisher:: Duncker & Humblot [u.a.]

Year of publication:: 1904

Scope:: 1184 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: IV. Öffentliches Recht

Collection:: Economics Books

EFFECTS OF THE WAR 2909 them found themselves utterly ruined by the riots and pillaging which swept over large parts of the country after the Revolution, that they were unable to meet their obligations. The chairman of the Moscow provincial zemstvo board, M. Gruzinov, in a speech deliv- ered on August 16, 1917, described the then existing condition of agriculture as follows: “The zemstvos are subsisting by consuming capital resources that ought to have been inviolable and some of them are living at the expense of funds accumulated in the zemstvo banks. If things go on in this way, the zemstvos will have to close their educational and philanthropic institutions, which are so impor- tant to the people.” The new “democratized” and democratic zemstvos, which took the place of those which had existed before the Revolution, composed as they were largely of persons having but slight experience in public work, failed entirely to reckon with the chaotic condition of local finances and proceeded to make considerable increases in every branch of zemstvo activity. The result was that expenditure became still more inflated, extraordinary as it had already become owing to the high cost of living and the depreciation of the currency. Toward the close of 1917 and the beginning of 1918 many zemstvos found themselves unable to pay the salaries of their employees, and the question of closing altogether a vast number of zemstvo educational and philanthropic institutions became acute. Here, for example, we have a description of the state of zemstvo finances in December, 1917, as furnished in the report submitted to the zemstvo assembly by the zemstvo board of Ekaterinoslav. For the year 1917, a reve- nue of 5,888,000 rubles was expected from taxes and of 1,774,000 rubles on account of arrears from previous years. Of these sums, however, only 689,000 rubles were actually received on account of arrears, and as for taxes due for the current year, not a single ruble was paid in. On July 26, 1917, the debt that the Ekaterinoslav pro- vincial zemstvo owed to the State Bank amounted to 5,200,000 ru- bles, and it was proposed to borrow a further sum of 4,000,000 rubles. In the Odessa district zemstvo, not more than 689,500 rubles were received in the course of nine months, instead of the 1,656,500 rubles anticipated for the year 1917, whilst expenditure was found to be considerably in excess of the estimates. The zemstvo board pro- posed to borrow from the State Bank a sufficient amount to cover expenditure. The provincial zemstvo of Kharkov succeeded in col-

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