J. v. Staudingers Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch und dem Einführungsgesetze: Recht der Schuldverhältnisse

Origin, birthplace, nationality and language of the Canadian people

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Multivolume work

Identifikator:: 1896405266

Document type:: Multivolume work

Title:: J. v. Staudingers Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch und dem Einführungsgesetze

Place of publication:: München [u.a.]

Publisher:: Schweitzer

Year of publication:: 1910-1911

Collection:: Economics Books

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Volume

Identifikator:: 1896405800

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-236545

Document type:: Volume

Title:: Recht der Schuldverhältnisse

Volume count:: Bd. 2

Place of publication:: München [u.a.]

Publisher:: Schweitzer

Year of publication:: 1910

Scope:: 924 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Title:: Besonderer Teil. §§ 433 - 661, 705 - 758, 779 - 811 erläutert von Dr. Karl Kober; §§ 662 - 704, 759 - 778, 812 - 852 erläutert von Dr. Theodor Engelmann

Collection:: Economics Books

196 RELATION OF ‘ORIGINS AND NATIVITY TO CRIME -_— Tm AMM _ what more recent data of arrival and a slightly larger surplus of males. Yet even if their rate in penitentiaries be discounted by half, it would be far in excess of that for any other group. TABLE 122.—ORIGIN OF PENITENTIARY POPULATION (BOTH SEXES), 21 YEARS AND OVER, BY SPECIFIED GROUPS OF ORIGINS, 1921, Groups of Origins : : North Western European..... .. ... ... wa cen . South Eastern and Central European. | ................ 0.00. Scandinavian. ........................ 00 Tl Germanic... 0 [lI Latinand Greek... 0011 [111 Slavie, . A RR EERE ES 2 memes be veers Total number in penitentiaries, (21 years and over) 309 i 110 188 Total population (21 years and over) . 4d 224,460 91,360 229, 400 43,588 : 163, 916 Rate per 100,000 af 12 2 3. 252 115 But let us push the analysis a step farther and actually eliminate some of the disturbing factors. Table 123 shows the rate per 100000 of both sexes in penitentiaries for specified groups of origins and broad nativity classes, In the lower section separate data for males wre presented for the United States and other immigrant born, If the rates for the Canadian born sections of the different groups be compared, it will be seen that differences of origin by no means vanish. When we examine the Canadian born alone the disturbing influence of sex distribution is eliminated as well as differences in respect to birthplace. The influence of origin is thus relieved of two important disturbing factors. The only other significant independent influence is age. It is admitted of course that rural and urban distribution ‘is also related to crime, as is occupation; but occupation and rural and urban distribution are essentially characteristic of origins, as has been pointed out in a previous chapter. The Italians, for instance, live in cities and follow urban occupations because urban residence is an outstanding characteristic of that group on this continent. At the same time the Italians show very large proportions in penitentiaries. If they were of anather stock like the Ukrainians, for example, they would live in the country, work at agriculture and hold a different attitude towards the law. It is not denied that urban residence accentuates the proportion of crime; indeed it is one of the several characteristics of certain origins which favours it. In this section, however, attention is focussed on the sum total of the traits of different stocks as they affect the frequency of serious offences against society. As distinet from rural and urban distribution, the age factor is a circumstance much more independent of origin, and allowance should be made for any marked differences in age distribution, when comparing two or more ‘origin’ groups. The question thus arises, once sex and birthplace are eliminated, to what extent differences in age distribution make comparisons invalid between the Canadian born sections of the various groups of peoples. The answer is not hard to find. If one refers to Table No. 42, Vol. II of the 1921 Census, it will be seen that age distribution, instead of invalidating the comparison, actually accentuates the differences to which reference has already been made. The propor- tions 21 years and over in the Canadian born sections of the British, French, Scandinavian and Germanic stocks were from 2 to 8 times greater than in the case of the Latin and Greek and Slavic peoples of Canadian birth. Even assuming larger proportions of these 21 and over in the latter groups to be young adults, the age distribution of the Canadian born of the former stocks was unquestionably more favourable to a high crime rate. Yet the Latin and Greek people of Canadian birth showed from six to sixteen times the number in penitentiaries per 100,000 shown by the Canadian born of the earlier stocks, and the Canadian born Slavs had a proportion from one half to four times greater. Similar differ- ences appear between the geographical groups. The rate for the Canadian bern South.

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