The agrarian system of Moslem India

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Multivolume work

Identifikator:: 1896405266

Document type:: Multivolume work

Title:: J. v. Staudingers Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch und dem Einführungsgesetze

Place of publication:: München [u.a.]

Publisher:: Schweitzer

Year of publication:: 1910-1911

Collection:: Economics Books

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Volume

Identifikator:: 1896406157

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-242028

Document type:: Volume

Title:: Recht der Schuldverhältnisse

Volume count:: Bd. 2

Place of publication:: München [u.a.]

Publisher:: Schweitzer

Year of publication:: 1910

Scope:: S. 926 - 1811

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Siebenter Titel. Werkvertrag / Erläutert von Dr. Karl Kober

Collection:: Economics Books

198 THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF MOSLEM INDIA whole, could hardly have been expected to rise above this standard, because, with foreign trade interrupted, and a consequent scarcity of silver, prices remained abnormally low,! and the province generally was depressed. When, therefore, the Valuation was revised in 1658, there would be no accumulated data to justify a general rise, though particular regions may have yielded the small increase shown in Grant's figures. Economic conditions began to change rapidly about this time with the large influx of silver imported by the Dutch and English Companies; and Grant conjectured, with some probability, that at first the change was reflected, not in an enhancement of the formal Demand, but in the imposition of private cesses. If this is true, then the decay of the Mogul administration under Aurangzeb would explain how, in formal documents, the Demand on the Intermediaries, based, as it had come to be, on the original Valuation, would be shown as fixed, the actual enhancement being intercepted by subordinates and in this way we should reach the position as presented by Grant in the first half of the eighteenth century, a Demand on the Intermediaries nominally almost unchanged for more than a century, but increased by cesses, first taken privately, then brought formally on to the record, and growing by degrees, until, about the year 1755, the total recorded Demand on the Intermediaries was about double the original standard. This explanation of Grant's account is, it will be observed, conjectural. My reasons for offering it are, firstly, that the account, as it stands, is irreconcilable with the known administrative methods of the Mogul Empire ; and, secondly, that it holds the field in all recent discussions of eighteenth- century conditions in Bengal. It is not absolutely incon- ceivable that Akbar’s administrators should have adopted, from the outset, methods entirely at variance with their usual practice, and established in Bengal a revenue-Demand not ordinarily alterable from vear to year; but it seems to 17 discussed these facts in From Akbar to Aurangzeb, 178 ff. 1 there suggested that the annual drain of silver up-country might have been of the order of 50 lakhs of rupees. Grant asserted (Analysis, 323) that the drain was at least a kror yearly, but, again, I am doubtful as to his authority for this statement.

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