The Socialism of to-day

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 835096955

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-28834

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Laveleye, Émile de

Title:: The Socialism of to-day

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Field & Tuer

Year of publication:: 1884

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (XLIV, 331 S.)

Collection:: Economics Books

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THE SOCIALISTS OF THE CHAIR. 279 which is a sort of programme, published in reply to the attacks of Deputy Professor Treitschke ; also an outline of the course of lectures of Professor Adolf Held, so prematurely and in so tragic a manner lost to science ; and finally, the great work of Professor Adolf Wagner, Lehrbuch der politischen Œkonomie, of which a single octavo volume of 775 pages, devoted to the exposition of principles {Grundlegung), has appeared. The three concluding chapters treat economic problems from the juridical side. The titles they bear indicate their importance : “ Economic Organization,” “ The State and its Economic In fluence,” “ Law considered in so far as it regulates Economic Relations.” Wagner considers, in the first place, man seeking to satisfy his wants by means of labour. But man lives in society, and society cannot exist unless the State preserves order therein, and establishes a juridical basis for the mutual relations of men. This juridical basis is the civil law, from which results the economic organization of society. The old Economists strongly protest against all artificial organizations. They seem to forget that the law which rules us is the result of a reasoned elaboration of the primitive Roman law, developed during a thousand years, by successive generations of juris consults. The so-called natural order of which they are always speaking, so far from being the effect of nature, is the result of human, and consequently artificial, laws. According to Professor Wagner, the economic development of a people depends in part on the progress of the technical processes of the different industries, and in part on the state of the laws which serve as the basis and measure of the economic activity of individuals. The great juridical institutions, the influence of which in political economy it is necessary to study, are, says the learned professor of Berlin, individual liberty, property, and the right of contract, hereditary succession, and the consideration due to vested rights. The principles accord ing to which these institutions are regulated are not immutable ; they have given way to transformations and historical develop ments. Changes in technical processes lead almost always to a change in juridical institutions; thus the development of

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