Cost of living in German towns

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 866449027

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-93831

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Cost of living in German towns

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Stat. Off.

Year of publication:: 1908

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (LXI, 548 Seiten)

Collection:: Economics Books

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BRESLAU. 115 infants under a year old. The extent to which matters have improved in this respect in Breslau during the 15 years 1891-1905 is indicated by the fact that the infantile mortality during 1891-5 averaged 280 per 1,000 births, during the following quinquennium 278, and during 1901-5, 248. The birth, death, and infantile mortality rates for the years 1901-5 are shown in the following- Table :— Year. 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 Mean Population. 427,164 431,866 438,984 453,231 465,500 Birth-rate Death-rate Rate of Nat ural Increase per 1,000 of Mean Population. 332 33 4 310 317 30-8 25 7 22 7 23 8 234 23 5 7*5 10 7 72 83 7 3 Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 Born. 277 215 260 236 252 Occupations, Wages, and Hours of Labour. That commerce and transport rather than manufacturing are the dominant factors in Breslau’s prosperity will have been inferred from what has already been said. The exact proportionß in which the occupied population is divided between the two at the present time cannot be stated ; but at the date of the last occupation Census (in 1895), it was found that 33,405 out of a total of 108,255 occupied persons in Breslau were employed in commerce and transport. Among the manufacturing industries of the town by far the most important, from the point of view of numbers employed, were the clothing trades. These occupied a total of 25,209 persons, including 12,900 in tailoring and dress making, and 4,448 in boot and shoe-making, while the engineering trades employed 7,293 persons. In 1896, that is to say, the year following that in which the occupation Census took place, there were 26,970 workpeople in Breslau employed in factories or workshops subject to inspection. By 1904 that number had increased to 37,212, distributed among the principal groups of industries as shown below :— Group of Trades. Number of Establishments. Building 7.7 Metal-working, Engineering, and Ship- r building. ■Textiles ... ... ... ... •• Clothing and Cleaning Printing, Lithography, Bookbinding, &c Paper ... ... ... ... ... Wood-working and Carving Stone and Earth Pood, Drink, and Tobacco ... Other ... ... ... ... * - * T otal ... . * * 13 212 59 1,123 89 50 97* 37 213 84 1,977 Number of Workpeople. Males. 470 13,116 480 1,257 1,806 575 2,622 1,067 2,394 1,236 25,023 Females. 1 654 1,657 5,465 605 1,080 906 145 1,483 193 12,189 Total. 471 13,770 2,137 6,722 2,411 1,655 3,528 1,212 3,877 1,429 37,212 The above table does not present a true picture of the relative importance of the various trades, as only those establishments are included which come under the Factory and Workshop Laws with regard to inspection. Thus the Workpeople employed in the building trades are only represented to the number of 471, whereas the actual number must be well over 10,000 (at the date of the occupation Census of 1895 it was 9,195). The clothing trades, again, are represented as employing only 6,722 workpeople, whereas in 1895 the number was 25,209. There are, in fact, relatively few of the larger sort of factories and Works in Breslau such as exist in towns of a pronounced industrial character.

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