Cost of living in German towns

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 866449027

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-93831

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Cost of living in German towns

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Stat. Off.

Year of publication:: 1908

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (LXI, 548 Seiten)

Collection:: Economics Books

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CREFELD Crefeld, the centre of the German silk industry, is situated in the Prussian province of Rhineland, four miles from the left bank of the Rhine and twelve miles north-west of Düsseldorf. It is peculiar among the large industrial towns of Germany on account of the remarkable fluctuation in the rate of its increase of population, and its relatively small progress in recent years. The following Table gives the population at intervals of ten years since 1840, and in 1905 :— Year. 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1390 1900 1905 Population. 25,897 37,129 52,442 57,772 73,872 102,376 106,886 110,344 Decennial Increase. 11,232 15,313 5,330 16,100 28,504 4,510 3,458* Decennial Increase per cent. 432 412 101 27-8 38 6 44 32* Five-year increase. These fluctuations are coincident with changes in the conditions of Crefeld's chief industry. The period from 1840 to I860 witnessed a great expansion of the silk industry, and was followed by a decade in which there was little forward movement. A fresh period of progress began after 1870, and this was followed between 1880 and 1890 by the rapid change from hand-weaving to machine weaving, and the substitution of the factory system for the old domestic industry. The hand-weavers suffered badly—less perhaps in Crefeld itself than in the surrounding districts—but the rise of the factories brought for a time a rapid increase in the urban population. In recent years the strong tendency has been for the employers to erect factories outside the town limits, because of (a) the lower rates of wages, (b) cheaper land, (c) the encouragement, by the reduction or remission of some taxes for a term of years, and in other ways, received from the authorities of the outer districts. A wide range of goods is produced by the Crefeld silk industry, the principal articles being velvets, plushes, silk and velvet ribbons, silk dress and blouse stuffs, linings, waistcoat stuffs, tie, umbrella, and furniture stuffs, &c. As would be expected from the slow growth of the town, its population is indigenous to a far larger extent than in towns of more rapid development, like Düsseldorf, in the same province. While at the Census of 1900 only 44 8 per cent, of the inhabitants of the latter town were natives, the corresponding percentage in Crefeld was 62‘2. For many years Crefeld’s natural rate of increase of population has declined, for though the death-rate has steadily fallen, the birth-rate has fallen to a greater extent. In 1871 the birth-rate was 47 5 per 1,000, in 1880 it was 42, ten years later it was 39, in 1900 it was 28'8, in 1903 it was 26*6, in 1904 25*3, and in 1905 24 9 per 1,000. The general death-rate in 1905 was 14 0 per 1,000, against 14 8 in 1904, and 15 8 in 1901. 1 he number of marriages per 1,000 of the population in

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