Cost of living in German towns

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 866449027

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-93831

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Cost of living in German towns

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Stat. Off.

Year of publication:: 1908

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (LXI, 548 Seiten)

Collection:: Economics Books

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156 CREFELD. 19 to 21 years of age, 18s. ; over 21 years, 22s. §d. ; colour dyers, from 18 to 21 years of age, 23s. ; over 21 years, 27s. (Assistants in colour dyeing are paid at same rate as black dyers.) The rates are for 60 hours a week. Ten years ago the wages were 12 per cent, less and 20 years ago they were 15 per cent, less, the hours being then 66 weekly. The colour dyers are said to be about one-sixth or one-seventh of the whole number. The report of the Crefeld Chamber of Commerce for 1905 gives the following figures of workers and wages in the dyeing industry in its area for the three years 1903-5 :— Year. No. of Works. No. of Workmen. Amount paid in Wages. Average per Workman. 1903 1901 1905 36 36 37 « OO 2,659 2,907 £ 139,228 138,512 149,152 £ s. d. 50 11 6 52 5 4 51 6 2 Silk Printing. The following weekly rates are universal for this branch of the silk industry in Crefeld :—1st year after apprenticeship 18s. ; 2nd year after apprenticeship 21s. ; 3rd year after apprenticeship 24s. and 4th and subsequent years 27s. The working hours are 60 per week. It may be interesting to supplement the foregoing information by the following classification of the workers of all kinds above 16 years of age in 75 silk factories (clerks and officials excluded) according to income groups, based upon the earnings in 1905 :— Weekly earnings- Groups. -Income Males.* Females. Totals. Percentage of the whole. Up to 8s. Above 8s. „ 12 s. „ 16s. „ 20s. „ 24s. „ 28s. and up to 12s. „ 16s. „ 20s. „ 24s. „ 28s. Totals 89 72 169 919 790 158 165 2,362 235 471 937 417 57 2 2,119 324 543 1,106 1,336 847 160 165 4,481 72 121 24 7 29-8 18-9 3-6 37 1000 Of the men probably rather more than 90 per cent, are weavers. Building Trades.—Coming to other trades and industries, the usual wages of skilled men in the building trades range from 25s. to 30s. 8d. for a week of 59 to 60 hours, while labourers receive 21s. 10d. It is noticeable that carpenters are paid rather more than bricklayers and masons, a circumstance attributable to their better organisation. Most of the rates in this group of trades are regulated by agreements. Engineering Trades.—The engineering and machine works occupy a secondary place at Crefeld and are for the most part of comparatively recent introduction. Formerly the silk industry obtained its machinery from Saxony, but now a large part of it is made locally. The Factory Inspector’s enumera tion of industrial workpeople given above shows that 14T per cent, of these fall to the machinery and metal trades. The predominant rates of wages for skilled men in machine works are from 305. to 35a. for a week of 60 hours. In this industry 14 days’ notice is still usual, and most works pay wages fortnightly. There are several boiler works, and a large steelworks has recently been established on the outskirts of Crefeld, and is making rapid progress ; though the latter works lie at some distance, most of the employees live in the town. Other Trades.—There are several boot and shoe factories of small propor tions, soap making is an industry of growing importance, and there are in the outskirts some chemical works employed for the most part for local industry. The usual wages of unskilled workmen in the chemical industry are from I85. to 2I5. per week of from 57 to 60 hours. The following retrospective return of hourly rates of pay has been supplied by an old-established firm of

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