Cost of living in German towns

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 866449027

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-93831

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Cost of living in German towns

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Stat. Off.

Year of publication:: 1908

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (LXI, 548 Seiten)

Collection:: Economics Books

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MUNICH. 369 a stock market and abattoir, baths, a labour registry, a museum illustrating con trivances for the welfare of the working classes, a savings bank, a series of pawnshops ; and the town also subsidises many philanthropic agencies for the amelioration, both physically and intellectually, of the condition of the people. Occupations, Wages, and Hours of Labour. The industries of Munich are multifarious, and several are of large extent. The leading places are taken by the machine and metal, clothing, wood, beer, and polygraphic (printing and lithography) industries, which between them employed 38,755 persons in 1905. The metal industry includes a number of firms engaged in art work of various kinds similar to that for which Nuremberg is famous. There are important leather, boot and shoe, and glove manufactories ; several paper mills exist in the suburbs ; and some large brickworks near Munich employ many hundreds of hands. Glass painting is one of Munich’s most valued industries, and its products go to all parts of the world. A constructive and repairing workshop in connection with the Bavarian State Railways is located here. The following is the grouping of the “ industrial undertakings ” of Munich (that is, the undertakings which fall under factory inspection and employ motor power, and which virtually embrace the whole of the industrial classes, handicrafts excluded) in 1905, arranged according to the German official classification of occupations :— Group of Trades. Number of Establish ments. Number of Workpeople. Males, over 16 years. Females over 16 years. Juveniles, 14 but not over 16 years. Children under 14 years. Total. ßuildm^ ... ... ... ... Metal-working Machine, implement, and apparatus making. Textiles Clothing and cleaning Printing, lithography, bookbind ing, &c. Paper ... ... ... ... Woodworking and carving Chemicals ... Resins, varnishes, oil, soap, candles, &c. Stone and earth Breweries and small malting houses. Other trades connected with food, drink, and tobacco. Licensed premises ... Miscellaneous Total 793 858 487 81 2,160 139 136 883 113 36 195 52 1,424 1,929 74 10,025 4,710 8,842 169 3,591 3,214 477 4,685 631 612 1,348 4,118 3,553 1,689 378 266 300 157 477 4,064 1,376 826 501 256 190 145 153 827 5,890 38 350 804 515 28 853 309 107 508 13 36 67 4 420 221 6 9,655 49,582 15,977 4,363 5 11 34 3 2 3 1 72 10,646 5,825 9,514 674 8,542 4,902 1,412 5,697 901 838 1,560 4,275 4,805 7,803 422 69,994 The hours of labour vary in different industries from 57 to 60 per week ; only in a few works are shorter or longer hours observed. Work is commonly carried on from 6 o’clock to 6 o’clock or from 7 o’clock to 7 o’clock, with a dinner pause of an hour and a half and a pause of half an hour both in the forenoon and afternoon, but in some cases there is only a midday pause. As a rule work ceases half an hour or an hour earlier on Saturday.. Wao-es are almost universally paid each week. The custom as to the determination of service varies alike in different industries and in different concerns belonging to the same industry. W hile in a majority of cases a week’s or a fortnight’s notice is required on either side, in others (e.g., the engineering industry and certain works in the leather industry) no notice at all is needed, and an employer may dismiss a workman or a w orkman leave his employer at any moment without cause assigned. Not rarely this arrangement is preferred by the men, while employers do not seem to find it inconvenient in practice ; on the contrary, they contend that it produces a steadying influence and promotes a spirit of accommodation on both sides. I en legal holidays are 3 A 29088

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