Cost of living in German towns

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 866449027

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-93831

Document type:: Monograph

Title:: Cost of living in German towns

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Stat. Off.

Year of publication:: 1908

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (LXI, 548 Seiten)

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

464 STUTTGART. collars, sewing buttons, edging, hemming and stitching aprons, embroidering names, &c. The earnings vary from 8&. to 24s. per fortnight, according to the capacity of the workers, and the rime they can give to the work, which as a rule alternates with general household duties, though it needs a skilful and nimble hand to earn more than twopence an hour. The extent to which female labour is employed in industrial occupations in Stuttgart, and the proportion of married women, will be seen from the following classification, which relates to undertakings subject to inspection in the Stuttgart Factory District in 1905 :— Group of Trades. Number of female employees. Of whom were married. Metal-working Machine, implement and apparatus mak Textiles Clothing and chemical cleaning Printing and lithography ... Paper Wood-working and carving Chemicals Resins, varnishes, oil, soap, candles, &c. Stone and earth (including brickworks) Creameries ... Cigar-making Other food, drink and tobacco Leather Other ... ... ... ... Total ... ng 200 273 2,586 3,337 1,059 712 123 41 26 26 7 146 404 94 7 9,041 68 64 657 528 434 246 28 17 5 3 1 56 149 33 2,289 It will be seen that the proportion of female employees who are married is on the average 25 per cent. ; this is also the proportion amongst the textile employees, while in the clothing-cleaning trade only 16 per cent, are married, andin the printing trade over 40 per cent. As compared with 1904 there was an increase of 2,141 female workers, which is chiefly explained by the addition to the municipality and factory district of Cannstatt, where are several factories employing large numbers of women. Fourteen days is the usual term of notice in Stuttgart ; in some works a week is adopted by agreement, and in several no notice is necessary at all on either side. There is no “ normal ” workday. In the machine industry the hours vary from 8 daily, in one case only, to 9 and 9¿, Saturday being a full day ; but 54 hours a week is the rule, and these are the hours worked in the State Railway workshop. The same hours apply to the majority of concerns in the piano, leather, furniture, and printing trades. In the hosiery industry 56 hours a week are usual in Stuttgart, but factories in the suburbs work as long as 63 hours. One of the leading hosiery manufacturers introduced the early Saturday closing system some time ago, and not only have the workpeople greatly appreciated the relief thus secured to them, but a number of other works of various kinds have since adopted the innovation. The Government of Wurtemberg made an inquiry on October 1st, 1905, covering the whole kingdom, into the question of the hours of labour of adult industrial workpeople of every class, and the returns showed that the average daily duration of work in Stuttgart was 9 hours 57 minutes for men, and 9 hours 47 minutes for women. Taking the whole kingdom, 49*9 per cent, of the men worked 10 hours and less, and 50T per cent, more than 10 hours, while 32*9 per cent, of the women worked 10 hours and less, and 67T per cent, more than 10 hours. Only 4*8 per cent, of the men, and 2*1 per cent, of the women, worked 9 hours or less, while at the other extreme 7*2 per cent, of the men, and 2*67 per cent, of the women, worked 12 hours or over. Wages agreements are common in Stuttgart, and their number tends to increase. Agreements have been concluded binding both sides for two or more years by the masons, stone-cutters, cabinet-makers (both in the building and the furniture trade), glaziers, smiths, bespoke tailors, plumbers, shoe makers, brewers, saddlers, paper-hangers, printers, and bookbinders.

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