92  SELLING  LATIN  AMERICA

tory  and  was  assassinated  in  front  of  his  palace
in  1541.
The  great  wealth  which  Peru,  through  her
rich  mines,  contributed  to  Spain,  warranted
that  country  in  making  this  possession  a  viceroyalty, ­
  the  viceroy  at  one  time  governing  all
Spanish  possessions  in  South  America  from
Lima.
The  movement  for  independence  from
Spanish  control,  started  early  in  the  last  century, ­
  found  many  adherents  in  Peru  and  after
several  reverses  the  yoke  of  Spain  was  thrown
off  July  28,  1821,  a  congress  organized  in  1822,
representing  a  republican  form  of  government
and  the  first  president  inaugurated  in  1823.
In  1879,  over  a  question  of  boundary  lines,
Peru  became  involved  in  a  war  with  Chile,
lasting  five  years,  the  result  being  the  defeat
of  Peru  and  the  invasion  of  its  capital.  As  a
consequence,  Peru  ceded  one  of  its  richest
provinces,  Tarapaca,  outright  to  Chile,  and
the  territories  of  Tacna  and  Arica  conditionally ­
  for  ten  years,  at  the  end  of  which  period  a
vote  was  to  be  taken  in  these  provinces,  and