VI

CHILE
After  Pizarro  had  conquered  Peru  he  dispatched ­
  Diego  de  Almagro  with  an  army,  instructing ­
  him  to  explore  and  take  the  territory
to  the  south,  or  what  is  now  Chile.  He  was
unable  to  accomplish  the  task.  In  1540
Pizarro  sent  another  expedition  under  Pedro
Valdivia,  whom  fortune  favored  and  who
penetrated  to  what  is  now  the  city  of  Santiago,
which  he  founded  in  1541.  For  more  than
100  years  the  war-like  Araucanian  Indians
made  repeated  attacks  on  settlers  in  this  territory, ­
  the  Spaniards  having  great  difficulty  in
conquering  them.  A  treaty  of  peace  was  concluded ­
  in  1640.
When  the  revolutionary  movement  in  South
America  started  against  Spain,  Chile  on  September ­
  18,  1810,  declared  her  independence,
and  became  the  scene  of  much  fighting,  finally
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