134 THE SOCIAL THEORY OF GEORG SIMMEL 
third modifies it entirely, but also by the fact that a fur- 
ther extension is not followed by a modification of corre- 
sponding degree. The dyadic group is the first in the nu- 
merical scale to show a unity and synthesis, but it also 
manifests an internal antithesis and opposition. The en- 
trance of a third element causes considerable modification. 
On the one hand it makes for a superindividual unity, 
and on the other hand it changes the direct and immediate 
reciprocity. Added to the direct relationship there is now 
an indirect relationship which both reinforces and inter- 
feres with the immediate reciprocity. The new group is 
less dependent on the immediate participation of the ele- 
ments than the dyadic group. It absorbs less of the total 
personality and can continue its existence if one element 
drops out. 
The function of the third and the configurations of 
triadic groups are herewith largely indicated. The dyadic 
group showed synthesis and antithesis. The entrance of a 
third element means transition, conciliation, renunciation 
both of the immediate reciprocity and of the direct opposi- 
tion. But it can also create oppositions formerly absent. 
The triadic group can therefore manifest three character- 
istic formations which are impossible in dyadic groups and 
which are likewise excluded from larger groups. Two of 
these configurations are known by the title of the third 
person, namely, the non-partisan arbitrator or mediator 
on the one hand, and the tertius gaudens on the other hand. 
The third configuration is usually indicated by the motto 
Dimde et impera. 
In the first instance, the non-partisanship of the third 
element serves the group as a whole. The conciliator or ar- 
bitrator aims to prevent a disruption of the existing unity 
between the opposing elements. 
The non-partisan can. however, also use his advanta-