32 THE SOCIAL THEORY OF GEORG SIMMEL

the individual obtains in the mental picture of the other
that quality and form which make the social relation possible.
 They permit the beginning of the socialization.
Owing to these tendencies toward social generalization,
it becomes impossible within a differentiated society to
discover the true individuality. They interfere with the
ideal cognition of the actual individual, but they are the
conditions which make social relations possible. In this
they bear a resemblance to the Kantian categories, which
reshape and transform the immediate data of experience,
but none the less make the given world intelligible.!
Another presupposition which determines the way in
which individuals view one another might be formulated as
the apparently trivial theorem that each element of a group
is not only part of the group, but, besides that, something
else. This fact becomes operative as a social a priori in
this form, that it gives to that part of the individual which
does not enter into the social relation a positive significance
 for that relation. There are certain types whose sociological
 significance, even in their germ and nature, is
determined by the fact that they are in some way shut out
from the group for which their existence is significant.
Instances of this are the case of the stranger, the enemy,
the criminal, and even the pauper. But this form applies,
not merely to the case of such general characters, but, in
numerous modifications, to every individual existence. The
whole relation between individuals would be different if
sach confronted the other only with that part of himself
which is taken up by the interrelation. The officer is more
than just an officer, the civilian more than just a civilian,
and that other non-social part of the personality interpenetrates
 the picture we form of him as an officer or civilian.

1 Soz., DD. 81-35.