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18

SOCIAL CONSERVATION

171

community embodies its unity and purpose in its priesthood,
 a political community in its bureaucracy or in its
army, permanent unions in their officers, and transitory
associations in their committees.
The formation of such special organs is the result of
a sociological division of labor. The interaction between
individuals, in which in the last instance all socialization
consists, appears at first as an immediate reciprocity between
 the elements. The whole group of individuals partakes
 at first immediately in the religious, military, legal,
and economic activities. The individual activities become
unified in social activities on the basis of common agreements
 and mutual adjustments. The religious worship is
the result of the religious needs common to the individuals.
The administration of justice is cared for by an immediate
judgment of the community as a whole. The economic
life is made possible by a direct exchange of producers who
are at the same time consumers.
These interactions which create the social unity and
thus become functions are in a later stage no longer exercised
 by the persons immediately concerned, but pass over
to special functional groups. The previous immediate reciprocities
 make room for a situation in which each individual
 element comes now into contact, not with all other elements,
 but with the newly developed organs. In a group
without specialized functional organs, only the individuals
have an actual existence; the coherence between them,
that is, the group unity, has only a functional aspect. But
if these organs have been formed, the group coherence becomes
 embodied in a structure of its own. That structure
is not only separate and apart from the members of the
group, but it is even relatively independent of its individual
 bearers.
The church, the bureaucracy, and even the industrial