Full text: The social Theory of Georg Simmel

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GENERAL INTRODUCTION 
The structures of independent reality outside of life’s 
processes were originally mere functions of life. At first 
life produced these forms and categories for the sake of 
life. Their task was to serve life. But, once they have 
obtained their self-sufficient status, it becomes the task of 
life to serve them for their sake. Life must then shape its 
contents according to their norms and fit them within 
their forms. Meaning and significance pertain at first only 
to the fitting and shaping of these forms to the demands of 
life. But later the fitting and shaping of life’s contents 
according to these norms obtains a meaning and signifi- 
cance of its own. 
These forms and categories help to build life even 
when they are still wholly submerged in life’s processes. 
But up to that point they are merely passive. They must 
submit to the demands of life and modify themselves 
accordingly. But, once objectified, they become really 
productive. Then their own factual forms become the true 
determinants. Life’s contents are then shaped according 
to their norms. Then the logical and methodological 
norms create in full autonomy the worlds of art, philoso- 
phy, and religion. The emphasis is then no longer on the 
contents of these worlds and their meaning for life, but on 
their forms and categories. They have become independ- 
ent systems possessing an objective structure of their own. 
Certain occurrences of the temporal and subjective 
life are the embryonic forms, the precursory formations of 
these worlds. Later, however, art, science, and religion 
obtain a superpsychological ideality and thus become non- 
temporal and objective. The formation of these independ- 
ent systems is a historical process. Out of a mere knowing 
for practical purposes there grow science and philosophy, 
out of mere vital-teleological elements there grow art and 
religion. At first the search for truth is for the sake of life.
	        
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