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SOCIOLOGY AS DISTINCT FROM SOCIAL SCIENCES 53 
in actuality the psychic motivation may have been a dif- 
ferent one in each individual. 
A third factor which seems to justify the existence of a 
separate social psychology over and against the individu- 
al psychology consists in the qualitative differences which 
exist between the feelings, actions, and ideas of individuals 
when in a crowd and when by themselves. The individual 
in a crowd seems to become a new entity, which differs 
qualitatively from the solitary person. But, in the last 
instance, one still deals with the behavior of individuals, 
simply in this case with the behavior of individuals who 
have become influenced by the fact that they are surround- 
ed by others and who undergo modifications in their nerv- 
ous, intellectual, and moral responses. If these modifica- 
tions, mutually interacting, change all members of the 
group in a similar way, then the collective behavior will 
be different from the behavior of the single individual. 
But that which is of a psychological nature in this be- 
havior remains none the less of an individual psychological 
nature. The collective behavior is merely the synthesis of 
the individual actions. What are compared are two things 
under different conditions: on the one hand, that which is 
uninfluenced by others, and, on the other hand, that which 
is influenced by others. Both things, however, occur in 
the individual mind and take place in the individual con- 
sciousness. There is therefore no necessity for postulating 
for the one side of the comparison a superindividual mental 
entity. 
As a problem of social psychology there remains then 
only the following: What modifications does the mental 
process of an individual undergo when it occurs under 
definite influences from the social environment? But this 
problem is a problem of general psychology and therefore 
of individual psychology. As a branch of general psycholo-