RECENT IMMIGRANTS IN AGRICULTURE
IOI
ployment in the textile manufacturing localities of
New England, the iron and steel, glass, clothing and
coal producing cities and towns of the Middle and
Western States. They have also penetrated to the
West and Northwest and constitute in those sections
the greater part of the operating forces of the mining
and manufacturing establishments. There is scarcely
an industrial community of any importance outside
°f the Southern States which has not its colony of
Italians, Slavs, Hungarians and numbers of other
races of recent immigration. In all sections the im
migrant colonies are marked by a high degree of
congestion and unsatisfactory and often unsanitary
living conditions. The earnings of husbands are not
sufficient to maintain an independent form of family
life. Wives and children are at work in the mills and
factories. Sleeping and living rooms of the house
holds are crowded with boarders and lodgers who
have been taken into the homes in order to supple
ment the family income. The significance of the
entire industrial situation is that our manufacturing
a nd mining localities are congested with an alien
Population of agricultural training and manner of
life, while our farming communities are clamoring
for more labor which they are unable to secure.
Why the Immigrant Does Not Go to the Land
When it is recalled that practically all of our immi
grants of recent years are of non-English-speaking
races, the principal reason for their failure to settle
u Pon the land is apparent. They do not wish to be
come separated from members of their own race,
npon whom they not only depend for an expression